检波器野外组合因素对地震资料品质的影响分析
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摘要
检波器组合是地震资料野外采集阶段衰减噪声最重要的手段之一。决定组合衰减噪声效果的因素有组合因素(组合基距,组内距,检波器数量,组合高差,组合形式等)以及施工地区的地质条件、噪声的类型与强度等。从验证不同组合因素对地震资料的影响出发,通过计算组合的方向特性曲线及野外试验,量化分析了组合因素对地震资料的影响,提出一种组合基距在Inline方向设置为一个道距,在Crossline方向设置为一个最大干扰波波长的组合方案,以有效衰减来自各个方向的规则干扰波。计算表明,在组合基距确定的前提下,缩小组内距、增加检波器数量有利于提高资料的信噪比,但当检波器数量增加到某个临界点后,继续缩小组内距、增加检波器个数则不能显著提高组合的压噪能力。实践证明,在地表复杂、地层吸收严重、次生干扰发育的地区,组内高差允许值应适当放宽,这有利于提高地震资料的信噪比。分析认为,Inline方向大致等于一个道距,Crossline方向大致等于一个最大干扰波波长的矩形组合是具有良好方向特性,又便于野外施工的检波器最佳组合方式之一。
Geophone array is one of the most important measurements to attenuate noise in field acquisition.The factors determining array attenuating noise includes array elements(array length,geophone spacing,geophone amount,elevation difference within array,geophone layout pattern,etc),geologic conditions as well as the type and intensity of noise.Starting from verifying the impact of different factors on seismic data,by computing direction characteristics curve of array and field testing,the impact was quantitatively analyzed, and an array scheme was proposed.According to the scheme, the array should be designed as:array length in Inline direction is about a geophone group interval,and in Crossline direction is about a maximum apparent wavelength.With this array,the regular wave from all directions would be effectively attenuated.Computation results show that shortening geophone spacing and increasing geophones are beneficial to improving the S/N of data if array length is fixed.However,when the number of geophones increases to a critical value,continuously shortening geophone spacing and increasing geophone amount cannot effectively improve the noise attenuation ability of array.Application shows that at the area with complex surface conditions,serious layer absorption effect and serous secondary interference,the allowed elevation difference within array should be properly increased,which is beneficial to improve the S/N of seismic data.Analysis results indicates that the above designed rectangle array is one of the best array patterns with good direction characteristic and convenient for field acquisition.
Geophone array is one of the most important measurements to attenuate noise in field acquisition.The factors determining array attenuating noise includes array elements(array length,geophone spacing,geophone amount,elevation difference within array,geophone layout pattern,etc),geologic conditions as well as the type and intensity of noise.Starting from verifying the impact of different factors on seismic data,by computing direction characteristics curve of array and field testing,the impact was quantitatively analyzed, and an array scheme was proposed.According to the scheme, the array should be designed as:array length in Inline direction is about a geophone group interval,and in Crossline direction is about a maximum apparent wavelength.With this array,the regular wave from all directions would be effectively attenuated.Computation results show that shortening geophone spacing and increasing geophones are beneficial to improving the S/N of data if array length is fixed.However,when the number of geophones increases to a critical value,continuously shortening geophone spacing and increasing geophone amount cannot effectively improve the noise attenuation ability of array.Application shows that at the area with complex surface conditions,serious layer absorption effect and serous secondary interference,the allowed elevation difference within array should be properly increased,which is beneficial to improve the S/N of seismic data.Analysis results indicates that the above designed rectangle array is one of the best array patterns with good direction characteristic and convenient for field acquisition.
引文
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[3]曹务祥,安树杰,蓝益军,等.排列长度对组合效应的影响分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):315-318
[4]陈宝书,杨午阳,刘全新,等.地震属性组合分析方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):173-176
[5]李庆忠,陈祖钧.组合效应对反射波的改造与压制[J].石油地球物理勘探,1984,19(1):1-20
[6]杨贵祥,贺振华,朱铉.中国南方海相地层下组合地震采集方法研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(2): 157-168
[7]蒋连斌,崔文鹏,傅朝奎,等.震检联合组合在高分辨率地震资料采集中的应用[J].石油物探,2000,39 (3):73-78
[8]吴长祥,李忠平,丁士平.塔里木盆地卡三区块二维地震采集技术研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(2): 179-182
[9]王增明.地震采集中检波器自然频率的试验分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):308-316
[10]董世学,张春雨.地震检波器的性能与精确地震勘探[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):124-130
[11]梁运基,李桂林.陆上高分辨率地震勘探检波器性能及参数选择分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6): 640-644
[12]石战结,田钢,董世学,等.沙漠地区地震检波器耦合的高频信号匹配滤波技术[J].石油物探,2005,44 (3):261-263
[13]边环玲,楚泽涵,封锡强.地震检波器与地表耦合问题探讨[J].石油仪器,2001,15(3):5-7
[14]李庆忠.论地震次生干扰[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1983,18(4):306
[15]李庆忠,陈祖钧.组合效应对反射波的压制和改造[J].石油地球物理勘探,1984,19(1):1-20
[16]李庆忠,魏继东.论检波器横向拉开组合的重要性[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):375-382
[17]魏继东,李庆忠.检波器组内高差对高频信息压制的理论分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5): 597-602
[18]Palaz I,Marfurt K J.Carbonate seismology[M]. Tulsa,USA:Society Of Exploration Geophysicists, 1997:281-308
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