歧南凹陷地震沉积学研究
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摘要
为了对黄骅坳陷歧南凹陷的沉积体系进行更为精确细致的刻画,利用相位调整、分频解释和地层切片等关键技术,对该区古近系和新近系进行了地震沉积学的研究。结果表明:经过90°相位调整后的地震数据使地震道近似于波阻抗剖面,从而可大大提高剖面的可解释性;利用分频技术得到的一系列频率切片比用常规振幅和相位切片在捕获微小的横向变化和展现不同的沉积特征方面更加有效;歧南凹陷明化镇组下段为曲流河沉积,沙河街组一段为辫状河三角洲沉积,其中曲流河沉积的地层切片展现出支流汇入干流、凹岸侵蚀、凸岸加积、截弯取直和牛轭湖等一系列沉积微相特征;品质好的三维地震资料是地震沉积学的研究基础,在断层不发育的明化镇组河流相地区,应用效果最好。
In order to depict the depositional system of Qinan sag of Huanghua depression more accurately,seismic sedimentological studies were carried out through using three key technologies including phase shift,frequency division and stratal slicing.The results show that the 90° phasing of seismic data reconditions seismic traces to resemble impedance profiles,so that the interpretability of the data can be improved.The frequency division slices are more effective than the conventional amplitude and phase slices on capturing the tiny lateral changes and displaying the various depositional characteristics.The stratal slices of Minghuazhen formation are interpreted as meandering rivers and the slices of member 1 of Shahejie formation are interpreted as braided delta.A series of depositional characteristics can be displayed in the slices of meandering rivers,such as contributories affluxing into the main river,erosion in cut bank and aggradation in inner bank,cutoff and oxbow lake.3D seismic data with good quality is the basis of the study of seismic sedimentology,and Minghuazhen formation of the working area without too many faults,which is the fluvial depostional system,is suitable to develop the study of seismic sedimentology.
In order to depict the depositional system of Qinan sag of Huanghua depression more accurately,seismic sedimentological studies were carried out through using three key technologies including phase shift,frequency division and stratal slicing.The results show that the 90° phasing of seismic data reconditions seismic traces to resemble impedance profiles,so that the interpretability of the data can be improved.The frequency division slices are more effective than the conventional amplitude and phase slices on capturing the tiny lateral changes and displaying the various depositional characteristics.The stratal slices of Minghuazhen formation are interpreted as meandering rivers and the slices of member 1 of Shahejie formation are interpreted as braided delta.A series of depositional characteristics can be displayed in the slices of meandering rivers,such as contributories affluxing into the main river,erosion in cut bank and aggradation in inner bank,cutoff and oxbow lake.3D seismic data with good quality is the basis of the study of seismic sedimentology,and Minghuazhen formation of the working area without too many faults,which is the fluvial depostional system,is suitable to develop the study of seismic sedimentology.
引文
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[16]ZENG H L,BACKUS M M.Interpretive advantages of90°-phase wavelets:part 2-seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):c17-c24.
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[18]POSAMENTIER HW,KOLLA V.Seismic geomorphol-ogy and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-wa-ter settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73(3):367-388.
[19]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[20]刘文岭,牛彦良,李刚,等.多信息储层预测地震属性提取与有效性分析方法[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):100-106.LIU Wen-ling,NIUYan-liang,LI Gang,et al.Seismicattribute extraction and effectiveness analysis of multi-at-tribute reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2002,41(1):100-106.
[21]凌云研究组.基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):642-653.LING Yun.Study on application of basic seismic attrib-utes to interpretation of depositional environment[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(6):642-653.
[22]韩喜,高兴友,车廷信,等.利用地震属性沿层分析方法研究河流相沉积环境[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):120-124.HAN Xi,GAO Xing-you,CHE Ting-xin,et al.Usinganalysis of seismic attributes along horizons to study sed-imentary environment of fluvial facies[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2007,42(1):120-124.
[2]ZENG HL,STEPHENC H,RIOLAJ P.Stratal slicing,partⅡ:real 3D seismic data[J].Geopgysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[3]ZENG H L,WILLIAM A A.Seismic sedimentology andregional depositional systems in Mioceno Norte,LakeMaracaibo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(11):1260-1269.
[4]ZENG HL,HENTZ TF.High-frequency sequence stra-tigraphy from seismic sedimentology:applied to miocene,vermilion block 50,tiger shoal area,Offshore Louisina[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[5]ZENG H L.From seismic stratigraphy to seismic sedim-entology:a sensible transition[J].Gulf Coast Associationof Geological Societies Transactions,2001,LI:413-420.
[6]ZENG H L,BACKUS M M,BARROW K T.Faciesmapping from three-dimensional seismic data:potentialand guildelines from a tertiary sandstone-shale sequencemodel,Powderhorn Field,Calhoun County,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(1):16-46.
[7]ZENG H L,HENTZ T F,WOOD L J.Stratal slicing ofmiocene-pliocene sediments in vermilion block 50-tigerShoal area,Offshore Louisina[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(4):408-418.
[8]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):699-704.DONG Chun-mei,ZHANG Xian-guo,LIN Cheng-yan.Conception,method and technology of the seismic sedim-entology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(5):699-704.
[9]林承焰,张宪国.地震沉积学探讨[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(11):1140-1144.LIN Cheng-yan,ZHANG Xian-guo.The discussion of theseismic sedimentology[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(11):1140-1144.
[10]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409.DONG Chun-mei,ZHANG Xian-guo,LIN Cheng-yan.Discussion on several issues about seismic sedimentology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(4):405-409.
[11]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.LIN Cheng-yan,ZHANG Xian-guo,DONG Chun-mei.Concept of seismic sedimentology and its preliminary ap-plication[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-71.
[12]吴元燕,刘震,王伟华,等.歧北凹陷沙河街组层序地层学研究[J].沉积学报,1996,14(1):167-175.WU Yuan-yan,LIU Zhen,WANG Wei-hua,et al.Se-quence stratigraphy of Shahejie formation in Qibei sag[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(1):167-175.
[13]范乐元,朱筱敏,宋鵾,等.黄骅坳陷北大港构造带古近系沙河街组高分辨率层序地层格架及其对储层非均质性的控制[J].地层学杂志,2005,29(4):355-361.FAN Le-yuan,ZHU Xiao-min,SONG Kun,et al.High-resolution sequence-stratigraphic framework and itscontrol on the reservoir heterogeneities of Beidagang tec-tonic belt in Huanghua sag[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2005,29(4):355-361.
[14]许淑梅,翟世奎,李三忠,等.歧口凹陷滩海区下第三系层序地层分析及沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2001,19(3):363-367.XUShu-mei,ZHAI Shi-kui,LI San-zhong,et al.An a-nalysis on sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary systemof early neocene in Qikou sag[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2001,19(3):363-367.
[15]ZENG H L,BACKUS M M.Interpretive advantages of90°-phase wavelets:part 1-modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):c7-c15.
[16]ZENG H L,BACKUS M M.Interpretive advantages of90°-phase wavelets:part 2-seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):c17-c24.
[17]李明,侯连华,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏地球物理勘探技术与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.
[18]POSAMENTIER HW,KOLLA V.Seismic geomorphol-ogy and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-wa-ter settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73(3):367-388.
[19]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[20]刘文岭,牛彦良,李刚,等.多信息储层预测地震属性提取与有效性分析方法[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):100-106.LIU Wen-ling,NIUYan-liang,LI Gang,et al.Seismicattribute extraction and effectiveness analysis of multi-at-tribute reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2002,41(1):100-106.
[21]凌云研究组.基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):642-653.LING Yun.Study on application of basic seismic attrib-utes to interpretation of depositional environment[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(6):642-653.
[22]韩喜,高兴友,车廷信,等.利用地震属性沿层分析方法研究河流相沉积环境[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):120-124.HAN Xi,GAO Xing-you,CHE Ting-xin,et al.Usinganalysis of seismic attributes along horizons to study sed-imentary environment of fluvial facies[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2007,42(1):120-124.
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