全数字高密度三维地震勘探在煤田精细构造解释中的应用
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摘要
常规煤田三维地震勘探技术广泛用于煤矿采区的合理布置、主巷道的开拓、综采工作面地质条件的评价.但受自身方法和能力的限制,在不少矿区地震成果的井巷验证符合率低,精度不能完全满足煤矿开采的要求,严重影响到煤矿的安全生产.刘店煤矿106采区地质构造极为复杂,小断层极发育,煤层受岩浆岩侵蚀,地震数据的信噪比极低,利用常规三维地震勘探方法无法查明复杂的地质构造.通过在该区进行全数字高密度三维地震勘探试验,结果表明:全数字高密度三维地震勘探能够提高地震数据的信噪比和分辨率,有利于小断层等小地质目标体的成像,能够减少构造假象,反映煤层的真实构造形态,对指导煤矿高效安全生产意义重大.
Conventional seismic exploration technology is widely applied in arrangement of mining area,development of roadways and evaluation of geological condition in fully mechanized mining face. Restricted by its method and capability,the compliance rate of seismic outcomes is low and the accuracy cannot fully meet the requirements of coal mining,seriously affecting normal mining process.In No.106 mining area,Liudian Mine,geological structure is very complex,small faults are extremely developed and both of the coalbeds,No.7 coalbed and No.10 coalbed,are eroded by igneous rocks,lowering the S/N ratio heavily.Conventional seismic method can hardly identify complex geological structure.Digital highdensity seismic exploration experiment has been carried out in this area. Result shows that:digital high-density seismic exploration can improve S/N ratio and resolution,strengthen weak reflection to image small faults and other small geological bodies, reduce structural illusion to let structural characteristics of each coal group obvious,and reflect the true form of underground structure,making agreat significance for mining efficiently and safely.
Conventional seismic exploration technology is widely applied in arrangement of mining area,development of roadways and evaluation of geological condition in fully mechanized mining face. Restricted by its method and capability,the compliance rate of seismic outcomes is low and the accuracy cannot fully meet the requirements of coal mining,seriously affecting normal mining process.In No.106 mining area,Liudian Mine,geological structure is very complex,small faults are extremely developed and both of the coalbeds,No.7 coalbed and No.10 coalbed,are eroded by igneous rocks,lowering the S/N ratio heavily.Conventional seismic method can hardly identify complex geological structure.Digital highdensity seismic exploration experiment has been carried out in this area. Result shows that:digital high-density seismic exploration can improve S/N ratio and resolution,strengthen weak reflection to image small faults and other small geological bodies, reduce structural illusion to let structural characteristics of each coal group obvious,and reflect the true form of underground structure,making agreat significance for mining efficiently and safely.
引文
Cao Z Y,Wang W,Wang Y.2012.Numerical simulation andimaging of scattered wave of sunk pillar in coal seam[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(5):1749-1756.
Chen B Y,Ma Z T.1994.New technic for 3Dprestack migration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),37(3):400-407.
Chen Z B,Teng J W,Lin J,et al.2006.Design of BSR-2broadband seismic recorder[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),49(5):1475-1481.
Cui B W,Wang W H.2010.Application of prestack time migrationto seismic imaging of deep fault depression areas[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),25(5):1703-1708.
Fu L Y,Xiao Y J,Sun W J,et al.2013.Seismic imaging studies ofcomplex high and steep structures in Kuqa depression[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(6):1985-2001.
Gordsen A.2002.Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3D seismicsurveys[J].The Leading Edge,21(8):764-770.
Hu L L,Ye S G,Lu J,et al.2010.Analysis of indoor combinationof Q-Land seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),25(6):2115-2124.
Li S K,Peng T.2012.Analysis of structural features and formationmechanism in Liudian Coalmine Huaibei[J].Coal Geology ofChina,24(7):24-28.
Ling Yun Study Group.2003.Application and study on wideazimuth seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),38(4):350-357.
Liu J J,Wang Y C.2013.On application effectiveness of digitalhigh-density seismic prospecting in coalfield[J].China Coal(inChinese),39(1):37-40.
Liu X X,Wu G C,Liang K.2009.The review of point source/point-receiver high density seismic exploration technology[J].Progress in Geophysics,24(4):1354-1366.
Liu Z W,Sa L M,Dong S T,et al.2009.Practices and expectationof high-density seismic exploration technology in CNPC[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),36(2):129-135.
Ma S H,Yang C C,Sun F L,et al.2008.Application of KirchhoffPSTM to seismic data of complex structure[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),23(3):754-760.
Ma Z T.1988.On the problems of 3-D seismic data processing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),31(1):99-107.
Ma Z T.1989.Seismic Imaging Techniques(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Published by Petroleum Industry Press.
Wang X W,Liu W Q,Wang Y C,et al.2010.Research andapplication of common reflection angle domain pre-stackmigration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(11):2732-2738.
Wang Z H.1994.Equivalent prestack migration by constant velocitystack,DMO and paststack[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),37(6):795-803.
Wu L B,Xu S.2009.Applied effect of prestack time migrationtechnology in 3Dseismic exploration at a coal mine of Huaibei[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(6):2267-2273.
Wu X Z,Zhao P.2008.Application of high-density acquisitiontechnique in exploration of coal mine[J].Equipment forGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),18(1):22-23.
Xiong J L,Yue Y,Yang Y,et al.2006.Relationship between binsize and inline resolution[J].Oil Geophysics Prospecting(inChinese),41(4):489-491.
Xu H,Han W G,Shan L Y,et al.2011.Analysis of therelationship between fold and SNR based on actual seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,50(2):181-186.
Zhang J H,Zhang R F,Wang J,et al.2009.Research on bindivisible processing and velocity analysis of high density seismicdata[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(6):2079-2086.
Zhang J H,Zhu H,Zheng X G,et al.2007.Review of wideazimuth 3Dseismic technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),42(5):603-609.
Zhang Y G,Wang Y,Wang M Y.2004.Some key problems in themulti-component seismic exploration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),47(1):151-155.
Zheng X D,Gao Y P,Liu S.2008.A research on coal high densityspatial sampling seismic prospecting method and applying effect
[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),20(11):50-52.
曹志勇,王伟,王赟.2012.煤层陷落柱散射波数值模拟与成像[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1749-1756.
陈必远,马在田.1994.三维叠前偏移新技术[J].地球物理学报,37(3):400-407.
陈祖斌,滕吉文,林君,等.2006.BSR-2宽频带地震记录仪的研制[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1475-1481.
崔宝文,王维红.2010.叠前时间偏移技术在深层断陷区地震成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,25(5):1703-1708.
符力耘,肖又军,孙家伟,等.2013.库车坳陷复杂高陡构造地震成像研究[J].地球物理学报,56(6):1985-2001.
胡莲莲,叶树刚,芦俊,等.2010.关于单点高密度地震数据的室内组合分析[J].地球物理学进展,25(6):2115-2124.
李书奎,彭涛.2012.淮北刘店煤矿构造特征及其形成机制分析[J].中国煤炭地质,24(7):24-28.
凌云研究组.2003.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,38(4):350-357.
刘俊杰,王彦春.2013.煤田数字高密度地震勘探的应用效果探析[J].中国煤炭,39(1):37-40.
刘欣欣,吴国忱,梁锴.2009.单点高密度地震勘探技术研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,24(4):1354-1366.
刘振武,撒利明,董世泰,等.2009.中国石油高密度地震技术的实践与未来[J].石油勘探与开发,36(2):129-135.
麻三怀,杨长春,孙福利,等.2008.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在复杂构造带地震资料处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,23(3):754-760.
马在田.1988.三维地震勘探数据处理的问题及其解决方法[J].地球物理学报,31(1):99-107.
马在田.1989.地震成像技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
王西文,刘文卿,王宇超,等.2010.共反射角叠前偏移成像研究及应用[J].地球物理学报,53(11):2732-2738.
王振华.1994.常速叠加-DMO-叠后偏移等效叠前偏移[J].地球物理学报,37(6):795-803.
武磊斌,徐奭.2009.叠前时间偏移技术在淮北某煤矿采区三维地震勘探中的应用与效果[J].地球物理学进展,24(6):2267-2273.
武喜尊,赵镨.2008.高密度采集技术在煤田勘探中的应用[J].物探装备,18(1):22-23.
熊金良,岳英,杨勇,等.2006.面元大小与纵向分辨率的关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(4):489-491.
徐辉,韩文功,单联瑜,等.2011.基于实际地震资料的覆盖次数和信噪比关系分析[J].石油物探,50(2):181-186.
张军华,张瑞芳,王静,等.2009.高密度资料面元细分与速度分析关系研究[J].地球物理学进展,24(6):2079-2086.
张军华,朱焕,郑旭刚,等.2007.宽方位角地震勘探技术评述[J].石油地球物理勘探,42(5):603-609.
张永刚,王赟,王妙月.2004.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学报,47(1):151-155.
郑向东,高宇平,刘胜,等.2008.煤炭高密度空间采样地震勘探方法研究及应用效果[J].中国煤炭地质,20(11):50-52.
Chen B Y,Ma Z T.1994.New technic for 3Dprestack migration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),37(3):400-407.
Chen Z B,Teng J W,Lin J,et al.2006.Design of BSR-2broadband seismic recorder[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),49(5):1475-1481.
Cui B W,Wang W H.2010.Application of prestack time migrationto seismic imaging of deep fault depression areas[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),25(5):1703-1708.
Fu L Y,Xiao Y J,Sun W J,et al.2013.Seismic imaging studies ofcomplex high and steep structures in Kuqa depression[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(6):1985-2001.
Gordsen A.2002.Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3D seismicsurveys[J].The Leading Edge,21(8):764-770.
Hu L L,Ye S G,Lu J,et al.2010.Analysis of indoor combinationof Q-Land seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),25(6):2115-2124.
Li S K,Peng T.2012.Analysis of structural features and formationmechanism in Liudian Coalmine Huaibei[J].Coal Geology ofChina,24(7):24-28.
Ling Yun Study Group.2003.Application and study on wideazimuth seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),38(4):350-357.
Liu J J,Wang Y C.2013.On application effectiveness of digitalhigh-density seismic prospecting in coalfield[J].China Coal(inChinese),39(1):37-40.
Liu X X,Wu G C,Liang K.2009.The review of point source/point-receiver high density seismic exploration technology[J].Progress in Geophysics,24(4):1354-1366.
Liu Z W,Sa L M,Dong S T,et al.2009.Practices and expectationof high-density seismic exploration technology in CNPC[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),36(2):129-135.
Ma S H,Yang C C,Sun F L,et al.2008.Application of KirchhoffPSTM to seismic data of complex structure[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),23(3):754-760.
Ma Z T.1988.On the problems of 3-D seismic data processing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),31(1):99-107.
Ma Z T.1989.Seismic Imaging Techniques(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Published by Petroleum Industry Press.
Wang X W,Liu W Q,Wang Y C,et al.2010.Research andapplication of common reflection angle domain pre-stackmigration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(11):2732-2738.
Wang Z H.1994.Equivalent prestack migration by constant velocitystack,DMO and paststack[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),37(6):795-803.
Wu L B,Xu S.2009.Applied effect of prestack time migrationtechnology in 3Dseismic exploration at a coal mine of Huaibei[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(6):2267-2273.
Wu X Z,Zhao P.2008.Application of high-density acquisitiontechnique in exploration of coal mine[J].Equipment forGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),18(1):22-23.
Xiong J L,Yue Y,Yang Y,et al.2006.Relationship between binsize and inline resolution[J].Oil Geophysics Prospecting(inChinese),41(4):489-491.
Xu H,Han W G,Shan L Y,et al.2011.Analysis of therelationship between fold and SNR based on actual seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,50(2):181-186.
Zhang J H,Zhang R F,Wang J,et al.2009.Research on bindivisible processing and velocity analysis of high density seismicdata[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(6):2079-2086.
Zhang J H,Zhu H,Zheng X G,et al.2007.Review of wideazimuth 3Dseismic technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),42(5):603-609.
Zhang Y G,Wang Y,Wang M Y.2004.Some key problems in themulti-component seismic exploration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),47(1):151-155.
Zheng X D,Gao Y P,Liu S.2008.A research on coal high densityspatial sampling seismic prospecting method and applying effect
[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),20(11):50-52.
曹志勇,王伟,王赟.2012.煤层陷落柱散射波数值模拟与成像[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1749-1756.
陈必远,马在田.1994.三维叠前偏移新技术[J].地球物理学报,37(3):400-407.
陈祖斌,滕吉文,林君,等.2006.BSR-2宽频带地震记录仪的研制[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1475-1481.
崔宝文,王维红.2010.叠前时间偏移技术在深层断陷区地震成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,25(5):1703-1708.
符力耘,肖又军,孙家伟,等.2013.库车坳陷复杂高陡构造地震成像研究[J].地球物理学报,56(6):1985-2001.
胡莲莲,叶树刚,芦俊,等.2010.关于单点高密度地震数据的室内组合分析[J].地球物理学进展,25(6):2115-2124.
李书奎,彭涛.2012.淮北刘店煤矿构造特征及其形成机制分析[J].中国煤炭地质,24(7):24-28.
凌云研究组.2003.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,38(4):350-357.
刘俊杰,王彦春.2013.煤田数字高密度地震勘探的应用效果探析[J].中国煤炭,39(1):37-40.
刘欣欣,吴国忱,梁锴.2009.单点高密度地震勘探技术研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,24(4):1354-1366.
刘振武,撒利明,董世泰,等.2009.中国石油高密度地震技术的实践与未来[J].石油勘探与开发,36(2):129-135.
麻三怀,杨长春,孙福利,等.2008.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在复杂构造带地震资料处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,23(3):754-760.
马在田.1988.三维地震勘探数据处理的问题及其解决方法[J].地球物理学报,31(1):99-107.
马在田.1989.地震成像技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
王西文,刘文卿,王宇超,等.2010.共反射角叠前偏移成像研究及应用[J].地球物理学报,53(11):2732-2738.
王振华.1994.常速叠加-DMO-叠后偏移等效叠前偏移[J].地球物理学报,37(6):795-803.
武磊斌,徐奭.2009.叠前时间偏移技术在淮北某煤矿采区三维地震勘探中的应用与效果[J].地球物理学进展,24(6):2267-2273.
武喜尊,赵镨.2008.高密度采集技术在煤田勘探中的应用[J].物探装备,18(1):22-23.
熊金良,岳英,杨勇,等.2006.面元大小与纵向分辨率的关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(4):489-491.
徐辉,韩文功,单联瑜,等.2011.基于实际地震资料的覆盖次数和信噪比关系分析[J].石油物探,50(2):181-186.
张军华,张瑞芳,王静,等.2009.高密度资料面元细分与速度分析关系研究[J].地球物理学进展,24(6):2079-2086.
张军华,朱焕,郑旭刚,等.2007.宽方位角地震勘探技术评述[J].石油地球物理勘探,42(5):603-609.
张永刚,王赟,王妙月.2004.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学报,47(1):151-155.
郑向东,高宇平,刘胜,等.2008.煤炭高密度空间采样地震勘探方法研究及应用效果[J].中国煤炭地质,20(11):50-52.
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