叠前时间偏移技术在深层断陷区地震成像中的应用
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摘要
Kirchhoff积分叠前时间偏移应用波动方程的Kirchhoff积分解实现地下反射层的偏移问题,该技术应用所有偏移距的地震资料,能适应纵横向速度变化较大的情况,是复杂地区地震资料成像的较理想的方法.叠前时间偏移是对偏移处理和偏移速度修改的一个迭代过程,偏移速度的精度直接影响到偏移效果.对大庆油田古龙断陷某工区的三维地震资料,应用叠前时间偏移技术进行成像处理,对于埋深较大的目的层,断陷结构复杂,介质的各向异性较为严重,所以应用考虑各向异性参数的速度修改公式,得到较为精确的偏移速度体,进而保证偏移CRP道集拉平,得到成像良好的偏移数据体.实际地震数据偏移处理结果表明叠前时间偏移技术可对复杂构造的地震数据准确成像,可在古龙地区断陷地层勘探中推广应用.
The imaging in prestack time migration (PSTM) is realized via application of Kirchhoff integration solution of wave equation,which uses all offset seismic data,and can be applied effectively to complex exploration areas in which velocity varie strongly both along the radial and vertical direction.So PSTM is a better migration algorithm for imaging complex geological structure.PSTM is an iterative process for seismic data migration and improvement of migration velocity.The migration quality of seismic data is determined by the precision of migration velocity.Prestack time migration is applied to the 3D seismic survey in the Gulong fault depression in Daqing Oilfield.The improved velocity formula is used for deep formation imaging in which velocity anisotropy term is taken into consideration. Another reason is that the fault depression is complex and the anisotropy is strong.The precision of migration velocity is high,and the events in migration Common Reflection Point(CRP) gathers are flatten.It means that the PSTM imaging result is good.Prestack time migration process for field seismic data demonstrates that PSTM approach can be applied to seismic data imaging in the Gulong fault depression with deep formation.
The imaging in prestack time migration (PSTM) is realized via application of Kirchhoff integration solution of wave equation,which uses all offset seismic data,and can be applied effectively to complex exploration areas in which velocity varie strongly both along the radial and vertical direction.So PSTM is a better migration algorithm for imaging complex geological structure.PSTM is an iterative process for seismic data migration and improvement of migration velocity.The migration quality of seismic data is determined by the precision of migration velocity.Prestack time migration is applied to the 3D seismic survey in the Gulong fault depression in Daqing Oilfield.The improved velocity formula is used for deep formation imaging in which velocity anisotropy term is taken into consideration. Another reason is that the fault depression is complex and the anisotropy is strong.The precision of migration velocity is high,and the events in migration Common Reflection Point(CRP) gathers are flatten.It means that the PSTM imaging result is good.Prestack time migration process for field seismic data demonstrates that PSTM approach can be applied to seismic data imaging in the Gulong fault depression with deep formation.
引文
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[20] 程玖兵,王楠,马在田.表驱三维角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像方法[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :792～800． Cheng J B,Wang N,Ma Z T.Table-driven 3-D angledomain imaging approach for Kirchhoff prestack time migration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :792～800．
[2] 张颖.三维地震叠前时间偏移处理技术应用与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5) :536～541． Zhang Y.Application and prospect of 3D seismic prestack time migration processing technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(5) :536～541．
[3] 武磊彬,徐爽.叠前时间偏移技术在淮北某煤矿采区三维地震勘探中的应用与效果[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2267～2273． Wu L B,Xu S.Applied effect of prestack time migration technology in 3D seismic exploration at a coal mine of Huaibei[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(6) :2267～2273．
[4] 孟凡冰,计平,王建军,等.叠前时间偏移在三维地震资料连片处理中的应用实例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(3) :211～215． Meng F B,Ji P,Wang J J,et al.Application of prestack time migration in data processing for piecing together various 3D data sets[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26 (3) :211～215．
[5] 滕佃波,汪鹏程,王赟,等.利用叠前Kirchhoff积分偏移识别小断裂与低幅度构造[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1035～1038． Teng D B,Wang P C,Wang Y,et al.The identification of small faults and low amplitude structures by utilizing prestack Kirchhoff intetral migration[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1035～1038．
[6] 王锡文,秦广胜,刘向东,等.叠前偏移技术在中原复杂断块区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1092～1098． Wang X W,Qin G S,Liu X D,et al.The application of prestack migration technique in complex fault blocks of Zhong Yuan oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1092～1098．
[7] 王红旗,孟小红,王宇超,等.三维叠前时间偏移在红北地区的应用[J].石油物探,2005,44(1) :68～70． Wang H Q,Meng X H,Wang Y C,et al.The application of 3D pre-stack time migration method in Hongbei Area,Junggar Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(1) :68～70．
[8] 邹振,刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(5) :1207～1214． Zou Z,Liu H,Liu H W.Common angle gather based on Kirchhoff prestack time migration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(5) :1207～1214．
[9] 刘国峰,刘洪,李博,等.山地地震资料叠前时间偏移方法及其GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(12) :3101～3108． Liu G F,Liu H,Li B,et al.Method of prestack time migration of seismic data of mountainous regions and its GPU implementation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(12) :3101～3108．
[10] 李来林,何玉前,陈颖,等.叠前偏移技术在大庆探区的应用效果分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6) :612～616． Li L L,He Y Q,Chen Y,et al.The application result of prestack migration in the Daqing area[J].Geophysical prespecing for petroleum,2005,44(6) :612～616．
[11] 曹孟起,刘占族.叠前时间偏移处理技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3) :286～289． Cao M Q,Liu Z Z.Prestack time migration processing technique and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(3) :286～289．
[12] 杜向东,翁斌,刘军荣,等.TI介质偏移速度建模研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :538～545． Du X D,Weng B,Liu J R,et al.Migration velocity modeling strategies of TI media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2) :538～545．
[13] 刘国峰,刘洪,王秀闽,孟小红.Kirchhoff积分时间偏移的两种走时计算及并行算法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :131～136． LiuG F,Liu H,Wang X M,Meng X H.Two kinds of travel time computation and parallel computing method of Kirchhoff migration[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(1) :131～136．
[14] Zhou H B,Guo J Y,Young K,et al.An alternative residual curvature velocity updating method for prestack depth migration[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71~(st) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2001,877～880．
[15] Yan L L,Larry R,Lawton L D.Migration velocity analysis by curvalture measurement and stacking power[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71~(st) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2001,873～878．
[16] Ron S,Wang Y H.Velocity analysis after migration[J].Geophysical prospecting,2002,50:539～545．
[17] 陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前地震数据的平面波深度偏移法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :821～826． Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.A method of plane wave depth migration for prestack seismic data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6) :821～826．
[18] 樊卫花,杨长春,孙传文,等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :836～842． Fan W H,Yang C C,Sun C W,et al.Application of prestack time migration for three dimensional seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22 (3) :836～842．
[19] 黄中玉,曲寿利,王于静,等.层状各向异性介质转换波克希霍夫叠前时间偏移[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(12) :3109～3115． Huang Z Y,Qu S L,Wang Y J,et al.Kirchhoff prestack time migration of PS-wave data for the layered anisotropic medium[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52 (12) :3109～3115．
[20] 程玖兵,王楠,马在田.表驱三维角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像方法[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :792～800． Cheng J B,Wang N,Ma Z T.Table-driven 3-D angledomain imaging approach for Kirchhoff prestack time migration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :792～800．
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