北川震裂带柳杉林地土壤功能特性试验分析
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摘要
汶川地震形成了大面积的震裂带,震裂带内水土流失严重。本文重点从土壤结构体分形维数、有机质含量、土壤抗冲性三个方面探讨了北川震裂带柳杉林地土壤结构功能特性,分析了地震裂隙程度对土壤结构体分形维数、有机质含量、土壤抗冲性的影响及其与土壤深度的相关性。结果表明地震裂隙程度对土壤结构体分形维数影响不显著,而地震3 a后强度裂隙样地土壤有机质含量、抗冲性大于中度裂隙或弱度裂隙样地;各样地土壤有机质含量、抗冲性与土壤深度显著负相关,有机质含量与土壤抗冲性存在显著的正相关关系。
A huge area of soil surface rupture zone was produced by WenChuan Earthquake, in which the soil and water loss is very severe. In this paper the soil structure function characteristics was emphasized from soil aggregates fractal dimension, soil organic matter content and soil anti-scouribility, and also studied the effects of rupture level to the soil aggregates dimension, soil organic content, soil anti-scouribility, and its relationship with soil depth. The results suggest that the rupture level has little influence to soil aggregates fractal dimension, and soil organic matter content of severe plot is more over than that of slight rupture plot or moderate plot, and the anti-scouribility of severe plot soil is also stronger than that of slight or moderate plot in the same soil layers after earthquake happened three years later. Soil organic matter content,anti-scouribility demonstrates a negative relationship with soil depth, and soil organic matter content has a positive relationship with soil anti-scouribility.
A huge area of soil surface rupture zone was produced by WenChuan Earthquake, in which the soil and water loss is very severe. In this paper the soil structure function characteristics was emphasized from soil aggregates fractal dimension, soil organic matter content and soil anti-scouribility, and also studied the effects of rupture level to the soil aggregates dimension, soil organic content, soil anti-scouribility, and its relationship with soil depth. The results suggest that the rupture level has little influence to soil aggregates fractal dimension, and soil organic matter content of severe plot is more over than that of slight rupture plot or moderate plot, and the anti-scouribility of severe plot soil is also stronger than that of slight or moderate plot in the same soil layers after earthquake happened three years later. Soil organic matter content,anti-scouribility demonstrates a negative relationship with soil depth, and soil organic matter content has a positive relationship with soil anti-scouribility.
引文
[1]陈兴长,游勇,柳金峰.震后北川县泥石流对恢复重建的影响及潜在泥石流发育度评价[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2010(5):76-82.
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[3]王小丹,刘刚才,刘淑珍,等.西藏高原干旱半干旱区土壤分形特征及其应用[J].山地学报,2003(S1):58-63.
[4]高君亮,李玉宝,虞毅,等.毛乌素沙地不同土地利用类型土壤分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2010(6):220-223.
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[12]郭灵辉,王道杰,张云红,等.泥石流源区新银合欢林地土壤微团聚体分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2010(5):243-247.
[13]杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,(20):1896-1899.
[14]蒋定生,范兴科,李新华,等.黄土高原水土流失严重地区土壤抗冲性的水平和垂直变化规律研究[J].水土保持学报,1995(2):1-8.
[15]刘霞,姚孝友,张光灿,等.沂蒙山林区不同植物群落下土壤颗粒分形与孔隙结构特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(8):31-37.
[16]吕文星,张洪江,王伟,等.重庆四面山不同林地土壤团聚体特征[J].水土保持学报,2010(4):192-197,202.
[17]王彦辉,PETERRADEMACHER,HORSTLSTER.环境因子对挪威云杉林土壤有机质分解过程中重量和碳的气态损失影响及模型[J].生态学报,1999(5):53-58.
[18]刘效东,乔玉娜,周国逸.土壤有机质对土壤水分保持及其有效性的控制作用[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(12):1209-1218.
[19]覃勇荣,王燕,刘旭辉,等.马尾松对喀斯特石漠化地区土壤有机质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009(5):104-109.
[20]单秀枝,魏由庆,严慧峻,等.土壤有机质含量对土壤水动力学参数的影响[J].土壤学报,1998(1):1-9.
[21]文启凯,赖忠盛,郭源.土壤持水力与土壤有机质的关系[J].新疆农业科学,1992(4):159-160.
[22]郭灵辉,王道杰,张云红,等.蒋家沟新银合欢人工林土壤养分分布及其与细根的关系[J].中国水土保持,2010,12:46-49.
[23]郭灵辉,王道杰,张云红,等.泥石流源区新银合欢细根质量动态与垂直分布特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(6):41-46.
[24]司建华,冯起,李建林,等.荒漠河岸林胡杨吸水根系空间分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):1-4.
[25]丁军,王兆骞,陈欣,等.红壤丘陵区林地根系对土壤抗冲增强效应的研究[J].水土保持学报,2002(4):9-12.
[26]陈云明,陈永勤.人工沙棘林水文水土保持作用机理研究[J].西北植物学报,2003(8):1357-1361.
[2]陈晓清,李智广,崔鹏,等.5·12汶川地震重灾区水土流失初步估算[J].山地学报,2009(1):122-127.
[3]王小丹,刘刚才,刘淑珍,等.西藏高原干旱半干旱区土壤分形特征及其应用[J].山地学报,2003(S1):58-63.
[4]高君亮,李玉宝,虞毅,等.毛乌素沙地不同土地利用类型土壤分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2010(6):220-223.
[5]朱显谟.黄土地区植被因素对于水土流失的影响[J].土壤学报,1960(2):110-121.
[6]周正朝,上官周平.子午岭次生林植被演替过程的土壤抗冲性[J].生态学报,2006(10):3270-3275.
[7]刘定辉,李勇.植物根系提高土壤抗侵蚀性机理研究[J].水土保持学报,2003(3):34-37,117.
[8]熊东红,周红艺,杜长江,等.土壤裂缝研究进展[J].土壤,2006(3):249-255.
[9]梁青丽.分形理论数学模型在土壤学中的应用研究[J].山西水利,2011(4):30-31.
[10]刁兆岩,冯朝阳,徐立荣,等.土壤分形理论的应用[J].资源开发与市场,2010(10):883-886,908.
[11]史长婷,王恩姮,谷会岩,等.典型黑土区水土保持林土壤结构性特征的对比研究(英文)[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2010(2):151-154,256.
[12]郭灵辉,王道杰,张云红,等.泥石流源区新银合欢林地土壤微团聚体分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2010(5):243-247.
[13]杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,(20):1896-1899.
[14]蒋定生,范兴科,李新华,等.黄土高原水土流失严重地区土壤抗冲性的水平和垂直变化规律研究[J].水土保持学报,1995(2):1-8.
[15]刘霞,姚孝友,张光灿,等.沂蒙山林区不同植物群落下土壤颗粒分形与孔隙结构特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(8):31-37.
[16]吕文星,张洪江,王伟,等.重庆四面山不同林地土壤团聚体特征[J].水土保持学报,2010(4):192-197,202.
[17]王彦辉,PETERRADEMACHER,HORSTLSTER.环境因子对挪威云杉林土壤有机质分解过程中重量和碳的气态损失影响及模型[J].生态学报,1999(5):53-58.
[18]刘效东,乔玉娜,周国逸.土壤有机质对土壤水分保持及其有效性的控制作用[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(12):1209-1218.
[19]覃勇荣,王燕,刘旭辉,等.马尾松对喀斯特石漠化地区土壤有机质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009(5):104-109.
[20]单秀枝,魏由庆,严慧峻,等.土壤有机质含量对土壤水动力学参数的影响[J].土壤学报,1998(1):1-9.
[21]文启凯,赖忠盛,郭源.土壤持水力与土壤有机质的关系[J].新疆农业科学,1992(4):159-160.
[22]郭灵辉,王道杰,张云红,等.蒋家沟新银合欢人工林土壤养分分布及其与细根的关系[J].中国水土保持,2010,12:46-49.
[23]郭灵辉,王道杰,张云红,等.泥石流源区新银合欢细根质量动态与垂直分布特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(6):41-46.
[24]司建华,冯起,李建林,等.荒漠河岸林胡杨吸水根系空间分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):1-4.
[25]丁军,王兆骞,陈欣,等.红壤丘陵区林地根系对土壤抗冲增强效应的研究[J].水土保持学报,2002(4):9-12.
[26]陈云明,陈永勤.人工沙棘林水文水土保持作用机理研究[J].西北植物学报,2003(8):1357-1361.
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