汶川地震区新生水土流失对土壤养分的影响
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摘要
采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究汶川地震区新生水土流失对不同恢复类型样地土壤养分的影响。结果表明:(1)地表裸露、自然恢复和人工种植类型样地pH高于对照样地,各种恢复类型间土壤有机质含量差异显著。(2)土壤全氮含量在人工种植、对照样地处于丰富状态,在地表裸露、自然恢复样地处于贫瘠状态,铵态氮含量在对照样地最高,硝态氮在新生水土流失作用下流失严重。(3)土壤全磷含量在地表裸露和自然恢复样地低于人工种植和对照样地,通过降雨-地表径流、渗漏淋失等途径流失,速效钾含量均处于缺乏状态。(4)土壤全钾含量在对照样地最大,自然恢复样地最小,各种恢复类型样地速效钾含量基本处于缺乏水平,人工种植样地由于培肥的作用速效钾含量得到提升。
This article studied impact of soil erosion on soil nutrient of different restored types in Wenchuan earthquake zone using the field investigation and laboratory analysis methods.The results showed:(1)Compared with control plot,the soil pH value of bare land,natural restored land and cultivated after the earthquake were higher,and the organic matter was significantly different among all restored types.(2)Total nitrogen was rich in soil of cultivated after the earthquake and control plot,but poor of natural restored land and bare land.Ammonium-N was richest in control plot soil compared to the other types.Nitrate-N decreased heavily as result of the water and soil loss made by earthquake.(3)Phosphorus loss by runoff,leaching loss and other ways.Soil total phosphorus was richer in control plot and cultivated after the earthquake than bare land and natural restored.And soil of all types was lack of available phosphorus.(4)Compared with all types,total potassium was abundant in control plot soil,but deficient in natural restored land.The phenomenon that available potassium was absent in all kinds of restored types soil,while it was increased in soil of cultivated after the earthquake by applying fertilizers.
This article studied impact of soil erosion on soil nutrient of different restored types in Wenchuan earthquake zone using the field investigation and laboratory analysis methods.The results showed:(1)Compared with control plot,the soil pH value of bare land,natural restored land and cultivated after the earthquake were higher,and the organic matter was significantly different among all restored types.(2)Total nitrogen was rich in soil of cultivated after the earthquake and control plot,but poor of natural restored land and bare land.Ammonium-N was richest in control plot soil compared to the other types.Nitrate-N decreased heavily as result of the water and soil loss made by earthquake.(3)Phosphorus loss by runoff,leaching loss and other ways.Soil total phosphorus was richer in control plot and cultivated after the earthquake than bare land and natural restored.And soil of all types was lack of available phosphorus.(4)Compared with all types,total potassium was abundant in control plot soil,but deficient in natural restored land.The phenomenon that available potassium was absent in all kinds of restored types soil,while it was increased in soil of cultivated after the earthquake by applying fertilizers.
引文
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[6]赵洋毅,王玉杰,王云琦,等.重庆北部水源区水源涵养林构建模式对土壤养分影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):236-240.
[7]陈金林,俞元春.杉木、马尾松、甜槠等林分下土壤养分状况研究[J].林业科学研究,1998,11(6):586-591.
[8]姚春霞,陈振楼,许世远.上海市郊旱作农田土壤养分资源状况[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):131-134.
[9]张亚丽,张兴昌,邵明安,等.秸秆覆盖对黄土坡面矿质氮素径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1)85-88.
[10]漆良华,周金星,张旭东,等.湘西北小流域不同植被恢复模式土壤养分库效益[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(2):38-41.
[2]赵祥润,卿太明.汶川地震对我省水土保持生态环境建设的影响[J].四川水利,2008,29(5):26-28.
[3]张红,吕家珑,赵世伟,等.不同植被覆盖下子午岭土壤养分状况研究[J].干旱地区农化研究,2006,24(2):66-69.
[4]Schlesinger W H,Abrahams A D,Parsons A J,et al.Nutrient losses in runoff from grassland and shrubland habitats insouthern New Mexico:I.Rainfall simulation experiments[J].Biogeochemistry,1999,45:21-34.
[5]向志勇,邓湘雯,田大伦,等.5种植被恢复模式对邵阳县石漠化土壤理化性质的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,32(2):23-70.
[6]赵洋毅,王玉杰,王云琦,等.重庆北部水源区水源涵养林构建模式对土壤养分影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):236-240.
[7]陈金林,俞元春.杉木、马尾松、甜槠等林分下土壤养分状况研究[J].林业科学研究,1998,11(6):586-591.
[8]姚春霞,陈振楼,许世远.上海市郊旱作农田土壤养分资源状况[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):131-134.
[9]张亚丽,张兴昌,邵明安,等.秸秆覆盖对黄土坡面矿质氮素径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1)85-88.
[10]漆良华,周金星,张旭东,等.湘西北小流域不同植被恢复模式土壤养分库效益[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(2):38-41.
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