汶川大地震灾后不同滑坡体上柏木体内非结构性碳水化合物的特性
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摘要
"5.12"汶川大地震不仅直接摧毁森林17.3万hm2,还通过对土壤和林内生境的剧烈改变对现存森林造成潜在威胁。以地震重灾区北川的主要分布树种柏木为研究对象,在2009年6月初(夏初)和10月初(秋季)两个时期,对不同类型柏木林的叶、枝、根可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行测定分析,旨在认识震后初期柏木对逆境胁迫的生理响应,为研究大地震对植物体内碳水化合物的影响和对逆境的适应性提供科学依据。结果表明:地震对柏木体内碳水化合物的含量有较大影响,总体表现为严重滑坡类型具有较高的可溶性糖含量,较低的根系淀粉含量。夏初严重滑坡类型柏木叶、枝、根可溶性糖含量分别为(11.44±1.08)%、(4.64±0.42)%、(5.48±0.51)%。就不同器官而言,可溶性糖含量叶>根>枝,淀粉含量叶>枝>根;夏初碳水化合物含量均高于秋季,且仅叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量在不同季节存在显著性差异(P<0.05),说明柏木叶片对地震反应最为敏感。地震带来的灾害如山体滑坡等对植物的生理活动产生巨大影响,不利于林木生长。
2008 Wenchuan "5.12" destructive earthquake,not only directly destroy forest 17.3 million hm2,but also bring potential threat to existing forest by changing soil and firewood habitat within.Major species Cupressus funebris was selected in this study,which was in the Beichuan and its surrounding areas in the earthquake disaster areas.In three states: severe landslides,landslides and non-landslides,soluble sugar and starch contents were measured in early June 2009(early summer) and early in October(autumn).It aims to explore the responses of carbohydrates of Cupressus funebris to Wenchuan earthquake in the earthquake zone,in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for studying the impact of carbohydrates and adaption to stress after the earthquake.The results show that: earthquake has a greater influence on contents of carbohydrates of Cupressus funebris;the severe landslides have higher soluble sugar contents,and low starch contents in the roots;The soluble sugar contents in leaves,branches and roots of severe landslides in early summer are(11.44±1.08)%、(4.64±0.42)%、(5.48±0.51)% respectively.To different organs,the soluble sugar contents showed leaves>roots>branches and leaf starch contents>branch>root;carbohydrate content in early summer were higher than in autumn.Only soluble sugar and starch contents in different seasons showed significant differences(P<0.05),indicating that leaves of Cupressus funebris are more sensitive to earthquakes.That indicated earthquake caused disaster such as landslides and collapses have great effects on physiological activities of plants and did not conducive to tree growth.
2008 Wenchuan "5.12" destructive earthquake,not only directly destroy forest 17.3 million hm2,but also bring potential threat to existing forest by changing soil and firewood habitat within.Major species Cupressus funebris was selected in this study,which was in the Beichuan and its surrounding areas in the earthquake disaster areas.In three states: severe landslides,landslides and non-landslides,soluble sugar and starch contents were measured in early June 2009(early summer) and early in October(autumn).It aims to explore the responses of carbohydrates of Cupressus funebris to Wenchuan earthquake in the earthquake zone,in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for studying the impact of carbohydrates and adaption to stress after the earthquake.The results show that: earthquake has a greater influence on contents of carbohydrates of Cupressus funebris;the severe landslides have higher soluble sugar contents,and low starch contents in the roots;The soluble sugar contents in leaves,branches and roots of severe landslides in early summer are(11.44±1.08)%、(4.64±0.42)%、(5.48±0.51)% respectively.To different organs,the soluble sugar contents showed leaves>roots>branches and leaf starch contents>branch>root;carbohydrate content in early summer were higher than in autumn.Only soluble sugar and starch contents in different seasons showed significant differences(P<0.05),indicating that leaves of Cupressus funebris are more sensitive to earthquakes.That indicated earthquake caused disaster such as landslides and collapses have great effects on physiological activities of plants and did not conducive to tree growth.
引文
[1]Zhang W,Zhou L J,Pan F M,Liu B,Luo J G,Wang F.The application of CBERS data to rapid assessment of forest resources loss in Wenchuan Earthquake region.Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(6):748-754.
[2]Cheng S,Song H T.Effects of Wenchuan earthquake on giant panda habitat in Wolong National Nature Reserve.Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(S1):65-69.
[3]Liu C P,Sheu B H.Effects of the921earthquake on the water quality in the upper stream at the Guandaushi experimental forest.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2007,179(1/4):19-27.
[4]Schuster R L,Highland L M.Overview of the effects of mass wasting on the natural environment.Environmental and Engineering Geoscience,2007,13(1):25-44.
[5]Allen R B,Bellingham P J,Wiser S K.Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest.Ecology,1999,80(2):708-714.
[6]Vittoz P,Stewart G H,Duncan R P.Earthquake impacts in old-growth Nothofagus forests in New Zealand.Journal of Vegetation Science,2001,12(3):417-426.
[7]Tian J,Tian T,Zhao T N,Gao J R.Application of micro-site factors revegetation technology(MFRT)to revegetation of Wenchuan after earthquake.Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,6(5):16-20.
[8]Xu Z H,Liu J,Yu K Y.Discussion on the key techniques for post-disaster forest vegetation's reconstruction based on RS and GIS.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2009,31(3):437-440.
[9]Zhang Y,Xiong C L,Cai Y,Zhang S R,Li T,Yuan D G.Research of soil microorganism distribution after earthquake.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2009,22(5):1404-1409.
[10]Pan X J,Zhang Y.Selection and application of plants in ecosystems reconstruction after the earthquake.Journal of Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science and Technology,2009,11(3):9-13.
[11]Blackman S A,Obendorf R L,Leopold A C.Maturation proteins and sugars in desiccation tolerance of developing soybean seeds.Plant Physiology,1992,100(1):225-230.
[12]Chen Y G,Burris J S.Role of carbohydrates in desiccation tolerance and membrane behavior in maturing maize seed.Crop Science,1990,30(5):971-975.
[13]Chen L S,Liu X H.Effects of water stress on sucrose metabolism in Litchi leaves and its relation to drought resistance.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,1999,20(2):31-36.
[14]Wang X,Hou P,Yin L K,Feng D Q,Pan B R.Effect of Soluble Substance of Tamarix under Soil-water Stress Slowly.Arid Zone Research,1999,16(2):6-11.
[15]Xu S J,An L Z,Feng H Y,Wang X L,Li X R.Comparative study on indexes of two drought-resistance desert plants.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2000,20(2):224-228.
[16]Ranney T G,Whitlow T H,Bassuk N L.Response of five temperate deciduous tree species to water stress.Tree Physiology,1990,6(4):439-448.
[17]Cui G W.Effect of low temperature stress on soluble sugar and starch of alfalfa at germination period.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2009,40(1):72-76.
[18]Liu Y.Study on Adaptability of Morphological and Physiological of White Clover under low Temperature Stress[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2008.
[19]Zhang S D.Chinese Chive's Dormancy Characteristic and Change of Soluble Sugar Content and Enzymes'Activity over Winter[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2004.
[20]Zhu J L.Effects of Carbohydrate Reserves upon the Winter Hardiness of Alfalfa[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2008.
[21]Pan Q M,Han X G,Bai Y F,Yang J C.Advances in physiology and ecology studies on stored non-structure carbohydrates in plants.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2002,19(1):30-38.
[22]Zou Q.Guidance of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.
[23]Gibson S I.Plant sugar response pathways.Part of a complex regulatory web.Plant Physiology,2000,124(4):1532-1539.
[24]Li T H,Li S H.Effects of water deficiency stresses on components and contents of the non-structured carbohydrates in the tissue-cultured apple seedlings.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2002,18(4):35-40.
[25]Sun G R,Zhang R,Jiang L F,Yan X F.Water metabolism and changes of several osmotica in leaves of Betula platyphylla seedlings under drought stress.Bulletin of Botanical Research,2001,21(3):25-31.
[26]Mi H L,Xu X,Li S H,He J,Zhang Y P,Zhao T C,Ma Y M.Effects of soil water stress on contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugar starch,C/N of two desert plants(Qnanchum komarovii and Glycyrrhiza uralensis).Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2004,24(10):1816-1821.
[27]Ericsson A.Some Aspects of Carbohydrate Dynamics in Scots Pine Trees(Pinus sylvestris L.)[D].Sweden:UmeUniversity,1980.
[28]McCully M E.Selected aspects of the structure and development of field-crown roots with special reference to maize∥Gregory P J,Lake J V,Rose D A,eds.Root Development and Function.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990:53-70.
[29]Dang Q L,Cheng S.Effects of soil temperature on ecophysiological traits in seedlings of four boreal tree species.Forest Ecology and Management,2004,194(1/3):379-387.
[1]张文,周立江,潘发明,刘波,骆建国,王峰.利用CBERS进行汶川地震区森林资源损失快速评估.山地学报,2008,26(6):748-754.
[2]程颂,宋洪涛.汶川大地震对四川卧龙国家自然保护区大熊猫栖息地的影响.山地学报,2008,26(S1):65-69.
[7]田佳,田涛,赵廷宁,高甲荣.微立地因子植被恢复法在汶川地震植被重建中的应用.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(5):16-20.
[8]许章华,刘健,余坤勇.基于RS与GIS地震灾害后森林植被重建的关键技术探讨.江西农业大学学报,2009,31(3):437-440.
[9]张毅,熊春莲,蔡艳,张世熔,李婷,袁大刚.震后土壤微生物分布状况研究.西南农业学报,2009,22(5):1404-1409.
[10]潘静娴,张莹.地震灾后生态系统重建中的植被恢复初探.防灾科技学院学报,2009,11(3):9-13.
[13]陈立松,刘星辉.水分胁迫对荔枝叶片糖代谢的影响及其与抗旱性的关系.热带作物学报,1999,20(2):31-36.
[14]王霞,侯平,尹林克,冯大千,潘伯荣.水分胁迫对柽柳植物可溶性物质的影响.干旱区研究,1999,16(2):6-11.
[15]徐世健,安黎哲,冯虎元,王勋陵,李新荣.两种沙生植物抗旱生理指标的比较研究.西北植物学报,2000,20(2):224-228.
[17]崔国文.低温胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发期可溶性糖和淀粉的影响.东北农业大学学报,2009,40(1):72-76.
[18]刘颖.低温胁迫下白三叶不同品种形态和生理适应性研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2008.
[19]张曙东.韭菜越冬期间的休眠特性及可溶性糖含量与酶活性的变化[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2004.
[20]朱建玲.贮藏性碳水化合物对苜蓿抗寒性的影响研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2008.
[21]潘庆民,韩兴国,白永飞等.植物非结构性贮藏碳水化合物的生理生态学研究进展.植物学通报,2002,19(1):30-38.
[22]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[24]李天红,李绍华.水分胁迫对苹果苗非结构性碳水化合物组分及含量的影响.中国农学通报,2002,18(4):35-40.
[25]孙国荣,张睿,姜丽芬等.干旱胁迫下白桦实生苗叶片的水分代谢与部分渗透调节物质的变化.植物研究,2001,21(3):25-31.
[26]米海莉,许兴,李树华等.水分胁迫对牛心朴子、甘草叶片色素、可溶性糖、淀粉含量及碳氮比的影响.西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1816-1821.
[2]Cheng S,Song H T.Effects of Wenchuan earthquake on giant panda habitat in Wolong National Nature Reserve.Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(S1):65-69.
[3]Liu C P,Sheu B H.Effects of the921earthquake on the water quality in the upper stream at the Guandaushi experimental forest.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2007,179(1/4):19-27.
[4]Schuster R L,Highland L M.Overview of the effects of mass wasting on the natural environment.Environmental and Engineering Geoscience,2007,13(1):25-44.
[5]Allen R B,Bellingham P J,Wiser S K.Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest.Ecology,1999,80(2):708-714.
[6]Vittoz P,Stewart G H,Duncan R P.Earthquake impacts in old-growth Nothofagus forests in New Zealand.Journal of Vegetation Science,2001,12(3):417-426.
[7]Tian J,Tian T,Zhao T N,Gao J R.Application of micro-site factors revegetation technology(MFRT)to revegetation of Wenchuan after earthquake.Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,6(5):16-20.
[8]Xu Z H,Liu J,Yu K Y.Discussion on the key techniques for post-disaster forest vegetation's reconstruction based on RS and GIS.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2009,31(3):437-440.
[9]Zhang Y,Xiong C L,Cai Y,Zhang S R,Li T,Yuan D G.Research of soil microorganism distribution after earthquake.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2009,22(5):1404-1409.
[10]Pan X J,Zhang Y.Selection and application of plants in ecosystems reconstruction after the earthquake.Journal of Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science and Technology,2009,11(3):9-13.
[11]Blackman S A,Obendorf R L,Leopold A C.Maturation proteins and sugars in desiccation tolerance of developing soybean seeds.Plant Physiology,1992,100(1):225-230.
[12]Chen Y G,Burris J S.Role of carbohydrates in desiccation tolerance and membrane behavior in maturing maize seed.Crop Science,1990,30(5):971-975.
[13]Chen L S,Liu X H.Effects of water stress on sucrose metabolism in Litchi leaves and its relation to drought resistance.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,1999,20(2):31-36.
[14]Wang X,Hou P,Yin L K,Feng D Q,Pan B R.Effect of Soluble Substance of Tamarix under Soil-water Stress Slowly.Arid Zone Research,1999,16(2):6-11.
[15]Xu S J,An L Z,Feng H Y,Wang X L,Li X R.Comparative study on indexes of two drought-resistance desert plants.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2000,20(2):224-228.
[16]Ranney T G,Whitlow T H,Bassuk N L.Response of five temperate deciduous tree species to water stress.Tree Physiology,1990,6(4):439-448.
[17]Cui G W.Effect of low temperature stress on soluble sugar and starch of alfalfa at germination period.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2009,40(1):72-76.
[18]Liu Y.Study on Adaptability of Morphological and Physiological of White Clover under low Temperature Stress[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2008.
[19]Zhang S D.Chinese Chive's Dormancy Characteristic and Change of Soluble Sugar Content and Enzymes'Activity over Winter[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2004.
[20]Zhu J L.Effects of Carbohydrate Reserves upon the Winter Hardiness of Alfalfa[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2008.
[21]Pan Q M,Han X G,Bai Y F,Yang J C.Advances in physiology and ecology studies on stored non-structure carbohydrates in plants.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2002,19(1):30-38.
[22]Zou Q.Guidance of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.
[23]Gibson S I.Plant sugar response pathways.Part of a complex regulatory web.Plant Physiology,2000,124(4):1532-1539.
[24]Li T H,Li S H.Effects of water deficiency stresses on components and contents of the non-structured carbohydrates in the tissue-cultured apple seedlings.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2002,18(4):35-40.
[25]Sun G R,Zhang R,Jiang L F,Yan X F.Water metabolism and changes of several osmotica in leaves of Betula platyphylla seedlings under drought stress.Bulletin of Botanical Research,2001,21(3):25-31.
[26]Mi H L,Xu X,Li S H,He J,Zhang Y P,Zhao T C,Ma Y M.Effects of soil water stress on contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugar starch,C/N of two desert plants(Qnanchum komarovii and Glycyrrhiza uralensis).Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2004,24(10):1816-1821.
[27]Ericsson A.Some Aspects of Carbohydrate Dynamics in Scots Pine Trees(Pinus sylvestris L.)[D].Sweden:UmeUniversity,1980.
[28]McCully M E.Selected aspects of the structure and development of field-crown roots with special reference to maize∥Gregory P J,Lake J V,Rose D A,eds.Root Development and Function.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990:53-70.
[29]Dang Q L,Cheng S.Effects of soil temperature on ecophysiological traits in seedlings of four boreal tree species.Forest Ecology and Management,2004,194(1/3):379-387.
[1]张文,周立江,潘发明,刘波,骆建国,王峰.利用CBERS进行汶川地震区森林资源损失快速评估.山地学报,2008,26(6):748-754.
[2]程颂,宋洪涛.汶川大地震对四川卧龙国家自然保护区大熊猫栖息地的影响.山地学报,2008,26(S1):65-69.
[7]田佳,田涛,赵廷宁,高甲荣.微立地因子植被恢复法在汶川地震植被重建中的应用.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(5):16-20.
[8]许章华,刘健,余坤勇.基于RS与GIS地震灾害后森林植被重建的关键技术探讨.江西农业大学学报,2009,31(3):437-440.
[9]张毅,熊春莲,蔡艳,张世熔,李婷,袁大刚.震后土壤微生物分布状况研究.西南农业学报,2009,22(5):1404-1409.
[10]潘静娴,张莹.地震灾后生态系统重建中的植被恢复初探.防灾科技学院学报,2009,11(3):9-13.
[13]陈立松,刘星辉.水分胁迫对荔枝叶片糖代谢的影响及其与抗旱性的关系.热带作物学报,1999,20(2):31-36.
[14]王霞,侯平,尹林克,冯大千,潘伯荣.水分胁迫对柽柳植物可溶性物质的影响.干旱区研究,1999,16(2):6-11.
[15]徐世健,安黎哲,冯虎元,王勋陵,李新荣.两种沙生植物抗旱生理指标的比较研究.西北植物学报,2000,20(2):224-228.
[17]崔国文.低温胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发期可溶性糖和淀粉的影响.东北农业大学学报,2009,40(1):72-76.
[18]刘颖.低温胁迫下白三叶不同品种形态和生理适应性研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2008.
[19]张曙东.韭菜越冬期间的休眠特性及可溶性糖含量与酶活性的变化[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2004.
[20]朱建玲.贮藏性碳水化合物对苜蓿抗寒性的影响研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2008.
[21]潘庆民,韩兴国,白永飞等.植物非结构性贮藏碳水化合物的生理生态学研究进展.植物学通报,2002,19(1):30-38.
[22]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[24]李天红,李绍华.水分胁迫对苹果苗非结构性碳水化合物组分及含量的影响.中国农学通报,2002,18(4):35-40.
[25]孙国荣,张睿,姜丽芬等.干旱胁迫下白桦实生苗叶片的水分代谢与部分渗透调节物质的变化.植物研究,2001,21(3):25-31.
[26]米海莉,许兴,李树华等.水分胁迫对牛心朴子、甘草叶片色素、可溶性糖、淀粉含量及碳氮比的影响.西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1816-1821.
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