四川青川县地震灾后鼠类群落结构及其动态
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摘要
【目的】掌握青川县林地和农房区2种生境中鼠类群落结构及其动态,为防治灾后青川县鼠类暴发、农业鼠害发生提供理论参考。【方法】于2009年10月(秋)至2011年10月(秋),采用夹夜法对青川县林地和农房区2种生境中鼠类群落结构及其动态进行调查。【结果】在农房区和林地捕获的鼠类包括啮齿目(Rodentia)和鼩鼱目(Soricomorpha),共11个物种,分别为褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)、大足鼠(Rattus nitidus)、黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)、社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)、小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、小家鼠(Musmusculus),龙姬鼠(Apodemus draco)、高山姬鼠(Apodemus chevrieri)、巢鼠(Micromys minutus)、黑腹绒鼠(Eothenomys melanogaster)、灰麝鼩(Crocidura attenuata)。在农房区,2010年4月以前,大足鼠是第一优势种,其相对密度呈下降趋势,2010年7月之后以家鼠为主,其中优势种黄胸鼠相对密度呈增长趋势,其余物种相对密度较低。在林地中,灰麝鼩和龙姬鼠是整个调查期间的优势种,其中龙姬鼠相对密度呈周期性变化;2010年4月以前,灰麝鼩为林地第一优势种,其种群相对密度呈下降趋势;2010年10月捕获了5种鼠类,其种群相对密度均达到当年峰值,并第一次捕获了小泡巨鼠和高山姬鼠,其后高山姬鼠成为林地优势种之一。相对林地而言,农房区鼠类群落多样性、均匀度、丰富度和优势度指数变化幅度较大。林地鼠类群落均匀度指数在2010年7月之前呈上升趋势,而后趋于稳定。2011年1月以后,林地鼠类群落丰富度指数和多样性指数逐步上升,而群落优势度下降。【结论】灾后农房区鼠类群落结构变化较大:2009年10月,大足鼠和灰麝鼩相对密度较大,其后下降;2010年7月后家鼠成为农房区主要鼠类,优势种黄胸鼠相对密度呈上升趋势。林地中鼠类群落结构相对稳定,龙姬鼠相对密度呈周期性变化。应加强对农房区黄胸鼠等家鼠的防控,并长期进行害鼠种群动态的监测,掌握地震灾后青川鼠类群落动态,为鼠防提供理论参考。
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to detect population dynamics and community structure of rodents in Qingchuan County after earthquake happened on May 12,2008,and to prevent pest outbreak in this county.【Method】 Regular quarterly surveys were conducted on rodents by the night trapping method in woodland and farmhouse in Qingchuan County of Sichuan Province from October 2009 to October 2011.【Result】 A total of 190 individuals from 5570 traps were collected,which were identified to 11 species and belonged to two categories(Rodentia and Soricomorpha).The trapped rodent species in Qingchuan County were Rattus norvegicus,R.nitidus,R.tanezumi,Niviventer confucianus,Leopoldamys edwardsi,Mus musculus,Apodemus draco,A.chevrieri,Micromys minutus,Eothenomys melanogaster,Crocidura attenuate.Succession of rodent community was characterized by the change of dominant species from R.nitidus to R.tanezumi in the farmhouse.The relative population density of R.nitidus presented a descend trend before April 2010,and for the R.tanezumi,the relative population density increased continuously after July 2010.C.attenuata and A.draco were two dominant species in woodland.The A.draco density varied periodically during the whole investigating period.The C.attenuata density declined before April 2010,and then varied periodically with a low density.L.edwardsi and A.chevrieri were captured for the first time in October of 2010,and then A.chevrieri became one of the dominant species in the woodland.Shannon,Simpson,Pielou and Margalef indices of rodent community in farmhouse changed greater than those in woodland.【Conclusion】The rodent community structure in farmhouse changed greater than that in woodland after the great earthquake.The R.tanezumi density in farmhouse showed an increasing tendency after July 2010.Long-term monitoring of house mouse,especially R.tanezumi,will likely need to be carried out in farmhouse.
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to detect population dynamics and community structure of rodents in Qingchuan County after earthquake happened on May 12,2008,and to prevent pest outbreak in this county.【Method】 Regular quarterly surveys were conducted on rodents by the night trapping method in woodland and farmhouse in Qingchuan County of Sichuan Province from October 2009 to October 2011.【Result】 A total of 190 individuals from 5570 traps were collected,which were identified to 11 species and belonged to two categories(Rodentia and Soricomorpha).The trapped rodent species in Qingchuan County were Rattus norvegicus,R.nitidus,R.tanezumi,Niviventer confucianus,Leopoldamys edwardsi,Mus musculus,Apodemus draco,A.chevrieri,Micromys minutus,Eothenomys melanogaster,Crocidura attenuate.Succession of rodent community was characterized by the change of dominant species from R.nitidus to R.tanezumi in the farmhouse.The relative population density of R.nitidus presented a descend trend before April 2010,and for the R.tanezumi,the relative population density increased continuously after July 2010.C.attenuata and A.draco were two dominant species in woodland.The A.draco density varied periodically during the whole investigating period.The C.attenuata density declined before April 2010,and then varied periodically with a low density.L.edwardsi and A.chevrieri were captured for the first time in October of 2010,and then A.chevrieri became one of the dominant species in the woodland.Shannon,Simpson,Pielou and Margalef indices of rodent community in farmhouse changed greater than those in woodland.【Conclusion】The rodent community structure in farmhouse changed greater than that in woodland after the great earthquake.The R.tanezumi density in farmhouse showed an increasing tendency after July 2010.Long-term monitoring of house mouse,especially R.tanezumi,will likely need to be carried out in farmhouse.
引文
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[2]郭永旺,邵振润.中国农区鼠害发生与防控图谱.北京:中国农业出版社,2010.Guo Y W,Shao Z R.Occurrence,Prevention and Control of RodentPest in Chinese Farming Areas.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[3]张美文,王勇,李波,陈安国.“社会-经济-自然复合生态系统”中的鼠害治理.兽类学报,2003,23(3):250-258.Zhang M W,Wang Y,Li B,Chen A G.The rodent pest control of thesocial-economical-natural complex ecosystem.Acta TheriologicaSinica,2003,23(3):250-258.(in Chinese)
[4]Wang Y K,Fu B,Xu P.Evaluation the impact of earthquake onecosystem services.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:954-966.
[5]Zhao B,Taucer F,Rossetto T.Field investigation on the performanceof building structures during the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquakein China.Engineering Structures,2009,31:1707-1723.
[6]张美文,李波,王勇,蒋凡,郭永旺,郭聪,黄英,朱云学,周志辉,张光清.四川地震灾区灾后一年农村小鼠监测报告.生态学报,2010,30(19):5253-5263.Zhang M W,Li B,Wang Y,Jiang F,Guo Y W,Guo C,Huang Y,Zu YX,Zhou Z H,Zhang G Q.Report on the surveillance of the populationfluctuations of small mammal(include Insectivora and Rodentia)inearthquake area of Sichuan,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(19):5253-5263.(in Chinese)
[7]White J,Horskins K,Wilson J.The control of rodent damage inAustralian macadamia orchards by manipulation of adjacent non-crophabitats.Crop Protection,1998,17(4):353-357.
[8]White J,Wilson J,Horskins K.The role of adjacent habitats in rodentdamage levels in Australian macadamia orchard systems.CropProtection,1997,16(8):727-732.
[9]Miller R W.Rattus tanezumi in the Upland Rice Terraces of Banaue,Philippines:Demography,Habitat Use,Crop Damage and YieldAssessment[D].Sydney:The University of New South Wales,2007.
[10]Singleton G R,Tann C R,Krebs C J.Landscape ecology of housemouse outbreaks in south-eastern Australia.Journal of AppliedEcology,2007,44:644-652.
[11]张美文,王勇,李波,郭聪,陈安国.化学灭鼠对长江流域农区鼠类群落结构的影响.生态学报,2003,23(2):320-329.Zhang M W,Wang Y,Li B,Guo C,Chen A G.Impact of anticoagulantrodenticide on rodent communities in agro-ecosystem in YangtzeValley.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(2):320-329.(in Chinese)
[12]Klinger R.The interaction of disturbances and small mammalcommunity dynamics in a lowland forest in Belize.Journal of AnimalEcology,2006,75:1227-1238.
[13]Haim A,Izhaki I,Golan A.Rodent species diversity in pine forestsrecovering from fire.Israel Journal of Zoology,1996,42(4):353-359.
[14]张美文,王克林,王勇,郭聪,李波.洞庭湖区洪灾淹没区鼠类群落结构恢复的生态过程.生态学报,2004,24(6):1212-1218.Zhang M W,Wang K L,Wang Y,Guo C,Li B.The effect of floodingon the rodent community in the Dongting Lake region.Acta EcologicaSinica,2004,24(6):1212-1218.(in Chinese)
[15]青川森林覆盖率过70%.(2012-4-23).[2012-7-1].http://www.cngy.gov.cn/ht/2012/4/134336.html.Forest coverage has been more than 70%.(2012-4-23).[2012-7-1].http://www.cngy.gov.cn/ht/2012/4/134336.html.(in Chinese)
[16]《青川县志》编纂委员会.青川县志.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992.The editorial board of“Qingchuan county”.Qingchuan CountyAnnals.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and TechnologyPress,1992.(in Chinese)
[17]郭永旺,邵振润,杨再学,王华弟,海淑珍,白音,梁桂梅,蒋凡,袁志强.NY/T1481-2007农区鼠害监测技术规范.北京:中国农业出版社,2008.Guo Y W,Shao Z R,Yang Z X,Wang H D,Hai S Z,Bai Y,Liang GM,Jiang F,Yuan Z Q.NY/T 1481-2007 Specification of Monitoringon Rodent Pest in Rural Areas.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[18]Tu F Y,Tang M K,Liu Y,Sun Z Y,Zhang X Y,Yue B S,Liu S Y.Fauna and species diversity of small mammals in Jiajin Mountains,Sichuan Province,China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,2012,32(4):287-296.
[19]Liu J Y,Du H,Tian G B,Yu P H,Wang S W,Peng H.Communitystructure and diversity distributions of small mammals in differentsample plots in the eastern part of Wuling Mountains.ZoologicalResearch,2008,29(6):637-645.
[20]O’Brien T G,Fimbel R A.Faunal Survey in Unlogged Forest of theInhutani II Malinau Timber Concession,East Kalimantan Indonesia.Consultant report,New York:Wildlife Conservation Society,2001.
[21]Rice C G,Demarais S,Hansen R W.Analysis of LCTA Methods forInventory and Monitoring Birds and Small Mammals on Army Landsin the Southwestern United States.USACERL technical report 97/97:Construction Engineering Research Lab,1997.
[22]Hernández L,Romero A G,LaundréJ W,Lightfoot D,Aragón E,Portillo J L.Changes in rodent community structure in theChihuahuan Desert México:comparisons between two habitats.Journal of Arid Environments,2005,60:239-257.
[23]胡锦矗,王酉之.四川资源动物志(第二卷)兽类.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1984.Hu J C,Wang Y Z.Sichuan Fauna Economica Animal(Volume 2)Mammal.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1984.(inChinese)
[24]赵承善,曲宝泉,张世水.农村室内持续用毒饵盒彻底灭鼠后家鼠群落的演替现象——小麝鼩(Crocidura suaveolens)的入侵.兽类学报,1986,6(2):155-160.Zhao C S,Qu B Q,Zhang S S.The succession of house rodentcommunity:after a thorough elimination of house rodents with indoorbaiting boxes in rural areas-invasion of Crocidura suaveolens.ActaTheriologica Sinica,1986,6(2):155-160.(in Chinese)
[25]戚根贤,姚伟兰,王骏,杨标.城镇灭鼠后鼠类种群数量的恢复及其控制对策的探讨.兽类学报,1998,18(3):226-230.Qi G X,Yao W L,Wang J,Yang B.Research on population numberresuming and controlling strategics for rodensin cities and towns ofsouthern China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1998,18(3):226-230.(inChinese)
[26]Dickman C R,Mahon P S,Masters P,Gibson D F.Long-termdynamics of rodent populations in arid Australia:the influence ofrainfall.Wildlife Research,1999,26:389-403.
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