地震灾区稻田水改旱种植模式对农产品服务价值及土壤肥力的影响
|
摘要
针对"5.12"地震灾区稻田干旱缺水问题,在大田条件下,设小麦/春玉米//甘薯、小麦/春玉米/大豆、小麦//绿肥-春玉米/大豆、小麦-夏玉米和冬马铃薯-夏玉米-秋马铃薯5个水改旱种植模式,研究水改旱不同种植模式对玉米生长、周年粮食产量、农产品服务价值与土壤肥力变化。结果表明:与稻田传统水稻-小麦模式相比,地震灾后实施水改旱新模式周年原粮产量增加1.55%～24.20%;水改旱2年后10～20cm土层容重增加7.69%～13.85%,且水改旱间套作种模式大于轮作模式;0～20cm土层土壤碱解氮含量提高1.48%～28.16%,有效磷含量提高181.72%～436.56%,速效钾含量提高42.47%～157.68%。种植模式和年际间农产品服务价值差异显著,其中,小麦-玉米模式增产潜力大、成本低、适宜规模化生产,可作为地震灾后稻田水改旱应急种植模式;但地震发生2年后,应全面恢复发展水稻-小麦水旱轮作。
Based on drought and water shortage of paddy field in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken Area, a two-year field experiment, designed for five different cropping patterns in paddy field which transformed from paddy field to dry land, was conducted to examine effect of maize growth characteristics, grain yield, agricultural products service value and soil fertility. The results showed that: annual grain yield of dry farming cropping patterns increased by 1.55%-24.20% comparing with rice-wheat rotation. Soil bulk density of 1020 cm soil layer increased by 7.69%-13.85% after soil transformed from paddy field to dry land, and cropping patterns of both inter-planting and relay-planting were higher than that of rotation systems. Soil alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphor and available potassium increased by 1.48%-28.16% , 181.66%-436.56% and 42.47%-157.68% respectively after two-year transformation from paddy field to dry land. Agricultural products service value was significantly different among various cropping patterns and different years. Cropping pattern of wheat-summer maize which characterized with high increasing potential yield, low cost, large-scale production, could be chosen as an optimum crash program instead of rice-wheat rotation in early days of earthquake, but rice-wheat rotation should be recovered two years later.
Based on drought and water shortage of paddy field in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken Area, a two-year field experiment, designed for five different cropping patterns in paddy field which transformed from paddy field to dry land, was conducted to examine effect of maize growth characteristics, grain yield, agricultural products service value and soil fertility. The results showed that: annual grain yield of dry farming cropping patterns increased by 1.55%-24.20% comparing with rice-wheat rotation. Soil bulk density of 1020 cm soil layer increased by 7.69%-13.85% after soil transformed from paddy field to dry land, and cropping patterns of both inter-planting and relay-planting were higher than that of rotation systems. Soil alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphor and available potassium increased by 1.48%-28.16% , 181.66%-436.56% and 42.47%-157.68% respectively after two-year transformation from paddy field to dry land. Agricultural products service value was significantly different among various cropping patterns and different years. Cropping pattern of wheat-summer maize which characterized with high increasing potential yield, low cost, large-scale production, could be chosen as an optimum crash program instead of rice-wheat rotation in early days of earthquake, but rice-wheat rotation should be recovered two years later.
引文
[1]王文杰,潘英姿,徐卫华,等.四川汶川地震对生态系统破坏及其生态影响分析[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):110-116.
[2]张鸿,任光俊,林超文,等.汶川地震灾区农业服务体系受损及恢复发展对策[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(8):402-406.
[3]中国农业科学院.四川地震灾区农业生产应急与恢复技术方案[J].作物杂志,2008(3):117-120.
[4]韩洪云,赵连阁.灌区农户“水改旱”行为的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2004(9):94-98.
[5]林兰稳,余炜敏,钟继洪,等.珠江三角洲水改旱蔬菜地土壤特性演变[J].水土保持学报,2009(23):154-158.
[6]李华兴,张新明,卢维盛,等.酸性硫酸盐土水改旱后土壤化学性状的变异初报[J].应用生态学报,1999,3(10):1-8.
[7]刘建.稻田种植春玉米经济效益及高效耦合技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,2(12):143-145.
[8]李志鹏,潘根兴,张旭辉.改种玉米连续3年后稻田土壤有机碳分布和13C自然丰度变化[J].土壤学报,2007(44):244-251.
[9]任瑞霞,张颖,李慧,等.石油污染土壤水改旱田后污染物组份及微生物群落结构变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(5):1107-1112.
[10]李向东,陈尚洪,陈源泉,等.四川盆地稻田多熟高效保护性耕作模式的生态系统服务价值评估[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3782-3788.
[11]鲁如坤,中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1998:146-195.
[12]刘秉义,董风林,靳军良,等.固原市马铃薯连作减产原因分析及应采取的措施[J].中国马铃薯,2009,5(23):303-304.
[13]陈尚洪,陈红琳,沈学善,等密度和施氮量对丘陵区机播夏玉米产量及倒伏影响研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(3):805-808.
[14]薛金涛,张保明,董志强,等.化学调控对玉米抗倒性及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):91-94,98.
[15]陈文俊,田孟良,张军杰,等.玉米叶片持绿性研究进展与对策[J].生物技术进展,2011,1(6):409-412.
[16]武兰芳,陈阜,欧阳竹.种植制度演变与研究进展[J].耕作与栽培,2002(3):1-14.
[17]王栋,李辉信,李小红,等.覆草旱作对稻田土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):75-83.
[18]黄锦法,曹志洪,李艾芬,等.稻麦轮作田改为保护地菜田土壤肥力质量的演变[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(1):19-25.
[2]张鸿,任光俊,林超文,等.汶川地震灾区农业服务体系受损及恢复发展对策[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(8):402-406.
[3]中国农业科学院.四川地震灾区农业生产应急与恢复技术方案[J].作物杂志,2008(3):117-120.
[4]韩洪云,赵连阁.灌区农户“水改旱”行为的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2004(9):94-98.
[5]林兰稳,余炜敏,钟继洪,等.珠江三角洲水改旱蔬菜地土壤特性演变[J].水土保持学报,2009(23):154-158.
[6]李华兴,张新明,卢维盛,等.酸性硫酸盐土水改旱后土壤化学性状的变异初报[J].应用生态学报,1999,3(10):1-8.
[7]刘建.稻田种植春玉米经济效益及高效耦合技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,2(12):143-145.
[8]李志鹏,潘根兴,张旭辉.改种玉米连续3年后稻田土壤有机碳分布和13C自然丰度变化[J].土壤学报,2007(44):244-251.
[9]任瑞霞,张颖,李慧,等.石油污染土壤水改旱田后污染物组份及微生物群落结构变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(5):1107-1112.
[10]李向东,陈尚洪,陈源泉,等.四川盆地稻田多熟高效保护性耕作模式的生态系统服务价值评估[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3782-3788.
[11]鲁如坤,中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1998:146-195.
[12]刘秉义,董风林,靳军良,等.固原市马铃薯连作减产原因分析及应采取的措施[J].中国马铃薯,2009,5(23):303-304.
[13]陈尚洪,陈红琳,沈学善,等密度和施氮量对丘陵区机播夏玉米产量及倒伏影响研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(3):805-808.
[14]薛金涛,张保明,董志强,等.化学调控对玉米抗倒性及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):91-94,98.
[15]陈文俊,田孟良,张军杰,等.玉米叶片持绿性研究进展与对策[J].生物技术进展,2011,1(6):409-412.
[16]武兰芳,陈阜,欧阳竹.种植制度演变与研究进展[J].耕作与栽培,2002(3):1-14.
[17]王栋,李辉信,李小红,等.覆草旱作对稻田土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):75-83.
[18]黄锦法,曹志洪,李艾芬,等.稻麦轮作田改为保护地菜田土壤肥力质量的演变[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(1):19-25.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心