2004年苏门答腊大地震激发的T-波
|
摘要
T-波是由海底地震或者海陆边界俯冲带附近地震激发,并在海洋低速层中传播的声波.2004年12月26日,在印度洋东部印尼苏门答腊岛附近发生MW=9.3级大地震,其产生的能量在印度洋中激发了巨大的海啸,造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,受到了世界科学家们极大的关注.本文从台站(PALK)及台站(DGAR)记录到的地震的信号中,提取出了清晰的高频T-波,并在频率域内分析,最终得到了T-波的频谱已及频率随时间变化图像.另外,通过对大地震时间域和频率域内T-波信号的分析,了解到此次大地震断层破裂过程持续的时间大致为500 s,其间伴随有两次明显的能量释放过程.分析数据表明两次能量释放过程的间隔大致为80~100 s.T-波分析将为推断海洋地震以及海陆边界俯冲带附近地震的特征,提供一种独立的研究手段和方法.
Tertiary(T-) waves are seismically generated acoustic waves that can propagate over great distances in the SOund Fixing And Ranging(SOFAR) channel.On 2004/12/26,big Sumatra earthquake(Mw=9.3) occurs at the Sumatra island.A huge tsunami excited by the energy from the big Sumatra earthquake causes a great lose,thus a lot of scientists from all over the world pay a lot attention to such big Sumatra earthquake.In this paper,we report the signal of the big earthquake at island stations(PALK) and(DGAR),and extract the clear T-phase by high pass filter.At the same time,in frequency domain,we obtain the relationship between the spectrogram of the T-phase and the travel time.After the analysis,In addition we obtain the duration of the this Sumatra earthquake is about 500s,including two big energy extracting processes,the time difference between the two big processes is about from 80s to 100s.The study from T-phase will provide us an independent way to study the earthquake,especially the earthquakes occurring at the ocean bottom and subduction zone region.
Tertiary(T-) waves are seismically generated acoustic waves that can propagate over great distances in the SOund Fixing And Ranging(SOFAR) channel.On 2004/12/26,big Sumatra earthquake(Mw=9.3) occurs at the Sumatra island.A huge tsunami excited by the energy from the big Sumatra earthquake causes a great lose,thus a lot of scientists from all over the world pay a lot attention to such big Sumatra earthquake.In this paper,we report the signal of the big earthquake at island stations(PALK) and(DGAR),and extract the clear T-phase by high pass filter.At the same time,in frequency domain,we obtain the relationship between the spectrogram of the T-phase and the travel time.After the analysis,In addition we obtain the duration of the this Sumatra earthquake is about 500s,including two big energy extracting processes,the time difference between the two big processes is about from 80s to 100s.The study from T-phase will provide us an independent way to study the earthquake,especially the earthquakes occurring at the ocean bottom and subduction zone region.
引文
[1]宫在晓,张仁和,李秀林,等,浅海脉冲声传播及信道匹配试验研究[J].声学学报,2005,30(2):108~114.
[2]何怡,张仁和,朱业.水下声道中脉冲传播的WKBZ简正波方法[J].声学学报,1994,19(6):418,424.
[3]张仁和,何怡,刘红.水平不变海洋声道中的WKBZ简正波方法[J].声学学报,1994,19(1):1~12.
[4]Catherine D.de Groot-Hedlin,John A O.Synthesis of earth-quake-generated T-waves[J].Geophys.Res.Lett,1999,26:1227~1230.
[5]Catherine D.de Groot-Hedlin,John A O.Excitation of T-phases by seafloor scattering[J].J.Acoust.Soc,2001,109:1944~1954.
[6]Minkyu P,Robert I O.Modal scattering:a key to understand-ing oceanic T-waves[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2001,28:3401~3404.
[7]Robert P D.Empirical relationship of T-wave energy and faultparameters of northeast pacific ocean earthquakes[J].Geo-phys.Res.Lett.,2001,28:2537~2540.
[8]Johnson R H.Estimating rupture length from T-waves,inTsunamis in the pacific ocean,Proceeding of the internationalSymposium on Tsunamis and Tsunami Research,edited by W.M.Adams[J].East-west center Press,Honolulu,1970,253~259.
[9]Johnson R H,Northrop J.A comparison of earthquake magni-tude with T-phase strength[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1968,56:119~124.
[10]Dziak R P,Fox C G,Matsumoto H,Schreiner A E.The A-pril 1992 cape Mendocino earthquake sequence:Seismo-a-coustic analysis utilizing fixed hydrophone arrays[J].Mar.Geophys.Res,1997,19:137~162.
[11]Erich G R,Douglas A Wiens,Leroy M D.Seismic attenua-tion tomography of the Tonga-Fiji region using phase pairmethods[J].Geophys.Res.,1999,104:4795~4809.
[12]Frank M G,Pierre-Franck P.Zone of T-wave excitation inthe NE Indian ocean mapped using variations in backazimuthover time obtained from multi-channel correlation of IMS hy-drophone triplot data[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2004,158:239~256.
[13]Huangjianping N S.Empirical relationship between the T-wave and the earthquakes[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.2006.
[14]Huangjianping N S.T-wave generation by deep earthquake[J].P.E.P.I.2007.
[15]Walker D A,McCreery C S,Hiyoshi Y.T-phase spectra,seismic moments,and tsunamigenesis[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1992,82:1275~1305.
[16]Okal E A.T-phase stations for the international monitoringsystem of the comprehensive nuclear-Test ban treaty:a glob-al perspective[J].Seis.Res.Lett.,2001,72:186~196.
[17]Okal E A,Talandier J.T-wave duration,magnitudes andseismic moment of an earthquake:application to tsunamiwarning[J].J.Phys.Earth,1986,34:19~42.
[18]Hiyoshi Y,Walker D A,McCreecy C S.T-phase data and re-gional tsunamigenesis in Japan[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1992,54:2085~2086.
[19]Emile A O,Jacques T.T waves from the great 1994 boliviandeep earthquake in relation to channeling of Swave energy upthe slab[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1997,102:27421~27437.
[20]Sidao N,Hiroo K,Don H.Energy radiation from the suma-tra earthquake[J].nature,2005,582.
[21]Miaki l,Shearer P M,Heidi H,John E V.Extent,durationand speed of the 2004 sumatra Andaman earthquake imagedby the Hi-Net array[J].nature,2005,1~4.
[22]Frank K,Matthias O.Tracking the rupture of theMw=9.3sumatra earthquake over 1150Km at teleseismic distance[J].Nature,2005,1~3.
[23]Yang Y J,Donald W F.Improving epicentral and magnitudeestimation of earthquakes from T phases by considering theexcitation function[J].B.S.S.A.,2003,93(5):2106~2122.
[24]申重阳,李辉.研究现今地壳运动和强震机理的一种方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):49~56.
[25]王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):156~164.
[26]王京,赵珍梅,曹代勇.浅谈海外数字油田与勘探开发一体化集成系统建设[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):225~231.
[27]徐宁,吴时国,王秀娟,等.东海冲绳海槽陆坡天然气水合物的地震学研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):564~571.
[28]于海英,朱元清,寿海,涛.印度洋9,0级大地震激发的地球球型振荡和环型振荡[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):706~716.
[29]刘展,赵文举,吴时国,等.冲绳海槽南部基底构造特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):814~824.
[30]陈洁,张学才.渤海湾盆地构造圈闭类型与勘探方向——以济阳坳陷为例[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):872~878.
[31]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):888~897.
[32]杨冬红,杨学祥,刘财.2004年12月26日印尼地震海啸与全球低温[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):1023~1027.
[33]李均之,陈维升,夏雅琴.在2004年12月26日印尼9级地震前收到特大临震信息[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1061~1063.
[34]郝天珧,徐亚,胥颐,Suh Mancheol,刘建华,戴明刚,李志伟.对黄海-东海研究区深部结构的一些新认识[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):458~468.
[35]李志伟,胥颐,郝天珧,刘劲松,张岭.环渤海地区的地震层析成像与地壳上地幔结构[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):797~804.
[36]胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧,刘劲松,李志伟.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1053~1061.
[37]徐平,王宝善,张尉,林建民,陈颙.利用互相关函数求地震波衰减[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1738~1744.
[2]何怡,张仁和,朱业.水下声道中脉冲传播的WKBZ简正波方法[J].声学学报,1994,19(6):418,424.
[3]张仁和,何怡,刘红.水平不变海洋声道中的WKBZ简正波方法[J].声学学报,1994,19(1):1~12.
[4]Catherine D.de Groot-Hedlin,John A O.Synthesis of earth-quake-generated T-waves[J].Geophys.Res.Lett,1999,26:1227~1230.
[5]Catherine D.de Groot-Hedlin,John A O.Excitation of T-phases by seafloor scattering[J].J.Acoust.Soc,2001,109:1944~1954.
[6]Minkyu P,Robert I O.Modal scattering:a key to understand-ing oceanic T-waves[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2001,28:3401~3404.
[7]Robert P D.Empirical relationship of T-wave energy and faultparameters of northeast pacific ocean earthquakes[J].Geo-phys.Res.Lett.,2001,28:2537~2540.
[8]Johnson R H.Estimating rupture length from T-waves,inTsunamis in the pacific ocean,Proceeding of the internationalSymposium on Tsunamis and Tsunami Research,edited by W.M.Adams[J].East-west center Press,Honolulu,1970,253~259.
[9]Johnson R H,Northrop J.A comparison of earthquake magni-tude with T-phase strength[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1968,56:119~124.
[10]Dziak R P,Fox C G,Matsumoto H,Schreiner A E.The A-pril 1992 cape Mendocino earthquake sequence:Seismo-a-coustic analysis utilizing fixed hydrophone arrays[J].Mar.Geophys.Res,1997,19:137~162.
[11]Erich G R,Douglas A Wiens,Leroy M D.Seismic attenua-tion tomography of the Tonga-Fiji region using phase pairmethods[J].Geophys.Res.,1999,104:4795~4809.
[12]Frank M G,Pierre-Franck P.Zone of T-wave excitation inthe NE Indian ocean mapped using variations in backazimuthover time obtained from multi-channel correlation of IMS hy-drophone triplot data[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2004,158:239~256.
[13]Huangjianping N S.Empirical relationship between the T-wave and the earthquakes[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.2006.
[14]Huangjianping N S.T-wave generation by deep earthquake[J].P.E.P.I.2007.
[15]Walker D A,McCreery C S,Hiyoshi Y.T-phase spectra,seismic moments,and tsunamigenesis[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1992,82:1275~1305.
[16]Okal E A.T-phase stations for the international monitoringsystem of the comprehensive nuclear-Test ban treaty:a glob-al perspective[J].Seis.Res.Lett.,2001,72:186~196.
[17]Okal E A,Talandier J.T-wave duration,magnitudes andseismic moment of an earthquake:application to tsunamiwarning[J].J.Phys.Earth,1986,34:19~42.
[18]Hiyoshi Y,Walker D A,McCreecy C S.T-phase data and re-gional tsunamigenesis in Japan[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1992,54:2085~2086.
[19]Emile A O,Jacques T.T waves from the great 1994 boliviandeep earthquake in relation to channeling of Swave energy upthe slab[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1997,102:27421~27437.
[20]Sidao N,Hiroo K,Don H.Energy radiation from the suma-tra earthquake[J].nature,2005,582.
[21]Miaki l,Shearer P M,Heidi H,John E V.Extent,durationand speed of the 2004 sumatra Andaman earthquake imagedby the Hi-Net array[J].nature,2005,1~4.
[22]Frank K,Matthias O.Tracking the rupture of theMw=9.3sumatra earthquake over 1150Km at teleseismic distance[J].Nature,2005,1~3.
[23]Yang Y J,Donald W F.Improving epicentral and magnitudeestimation of earthquakes from T phases by considering theexcitation function[J].B.S.S.A.,2003,93(5):2106~2122.
[24]申重阳,李辉.研究现今地壳运动和强震机理的一种方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):49~56.
[25]王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):156~164.
[26]王京,赵珍梅,曹代勇.浅谈海外数字油田与勘探开发一体化集成系统建设[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):225~231.
[27]徐宁,吴时国,王秀娟,等.东海冲绳海槽陆坡天然气水合物的地震学研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):564~571.
[28]于海英,朱元清,寿海,涛.印度洋9,0级大地震激发的地球球型振荡和环型振荡[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):706~716.
[29]刘展,赵文举,吴时国,等.冲绳海槽南部基底构造特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):814~824.
[30]陈洁,张学才.渤海湾盆地构造圈闭类型与勘探方向——以济阳坳陷为例[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):872~878.
[31]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):888~897.
[32]杨冬红,杨学祥,刘财.2004年12月26日印尼地震海啸与全球低温[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):1023~1027.
[33]李均之,陈维升,夏雅琴.在2004年12月26日印尼9级地震前收到特大临震信息[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1061~1063.
[34]郝天珧,徐亚,胥颐,Suh Mancheol,刘建华,戴明刚,李志伟.对黄海-东海研究区深部结构的一些新认识[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):458~468.
[35]李志伟,胥颐,郝天珧,刘劲松,张岭.环渤海地区的地震层析成像与地壳上地幔结构[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):797~804.
[36]胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧,刘劲松,李志伟.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1053~1061.
[37]徐平,王宝善,张尉,林建民,陈颙.利用互相关函数求地震波衰减[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1738~1744.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心