装药不耦合系数对碳酸盐岩爆炸地震波能量的影响
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摘要
针对碳酸盐岩中化学爆炸地震勘探激发地震波能量弱、频率高、信噪比低的现状,为对炮孔装药结构提出合理的改进措施,建立了耦合与不耦合装药孔壁爆炸载荷及透射波能量的计算模型,并借助MAT-LAB编程计算得到解析解。同时在灰岩场地进行了装药不耦合系数Kd对地震波能量影响的现场实验,应用基于功率谱的能量分析方法对实验数据进行了分析。理论计算和现场实验研究均表明:地震波信号总能量随着Kd的增大而减小;但是当Kd=1.5时,采集的地震波信号主频低、信噪比最高。因此在实际碳酸盐岩储层中,可采用Kd=1.5的装药结构形式,同时通过加大炮孔装药量以弥补地震信号总能量,从而改善地震勘探激发效果。
Aimed at the following characteristics of the explosion excitation seismic wave in carbonate rocks which including weak energy,high frequency and low signal-to-noise ratio,a non-coupling charge coefficient of the seismic source was defined to improve the hole-charge structure.Calculation models were proposed for explosion load and transmitted wave energy,and the corresponding analytical solutions were calculated by programming in MATLAB.And then,the field experimentation was conducted and the experimental data were analyzed by using the energy analysis method based on power spectra.Both the theoretical calculation and the field experimentation show that the total transmitted wave energy is smaller when the non-coupling charge coefficient is bigger,but the main frequency of the seismic wave is lower and the signal-to-noise ratio is the highest when the non-coupling coefficient is 1.5.So,in the actual seismic exploration,the non-coupling charge coefficient of 1.5 can be adopted and the total seismic energy can be augmented by increasing the total charge mass in order to improve the seismic excitation effect.
Aimed at the following characteristics of the explosion excitation seismic wave in carbonate rocks which including weak energy,high frequency and low signal-to-noise ratio,a non-coupling charge coefficient of the seismic source was defined to improve the hole-charge structure.Calculation models were proposed for explosion load and transmitted wave energy,and the corresponding analytical solutions were calculated by programming in MATLAB.And then,the field experimentation was conducted and the experimental data were analyzed by using the energy analysis method based on power spectra.Both the theoretical calculation and the field experimentation show that the total transmitted wave energy is smaller when the non-coupling charge coefficient is bigger,but the main frequency of the seismic wave is lower and the signal-to-noise ratio is the highest when the non-coupling coefficient is 1.5.So,in the actual seismic exploration,the non-coupling charge coefficient of 1.5 can be adopted and the total seismic energy can be augmented by increasing the total charge mass in order to improve the seismic excitation effect.
引文
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[14]徐伯勋,白旭滨,于常青.地震勘探信息技术提取、分析和预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.
[2]杨贵祥.碳酸盐裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1108-1128.YANG Gui-xiang.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1108-1128.
[3]李仲远.南方碳酸盐岩地区地震采集技术方法探讨[J].地质与勘探,2009,29(6):33-36.LI Zhong-yuan.A discussion on technologies of seismic data acquisition in carbonate area of South China[J].Geolo-gy and Prospecting,2009,29(6):33-36.
[4]胡立新,杨德宽,何兵寿,等.延迟爆炸法的理论分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):33-38.HU Li-xin,YANG De-kuan,HE Bing-shou,et al.Theoretic analysis of delayed blast[J].Oil Geophysical Pros-pecting,2002,37(1):33-38.
[5]杨勤勇,常鉴,徐国庆.灰岩裸露区地震激发机理研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):399-405.YANG Qin-yong,CHANG Jian,XU Guo-qing.Study on shooting mechanism of seismic waves in limestone-ex-posed area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(4):399-405.
[6]高金石,张奇.爆破理论与爆破优化[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1985.
[7]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
[8]赵颜辉,傅菊根.不同装药结构条件下爆炸能量的理论计算[J].安徽理工大学学报,2004,24(3):37-39.ZHAO Yan-hui,FU Ju-gen.Theoretical calculation of explosion energy under the conditions of different charges[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology,2004,24(3):37-39.
[9]于亚伦.工程爆破理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[10]罗云滚,罗强,宗琦.炮孔水耦合装药爆破破岩机理研究[J].安徽理工大学学报,2004,24(5):60-63.LUO Yun-gun,LUO Qiang,ZONG Qi.Study on mechanism of rock blasting fragmentation of water couplingcharge in bore hole[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology,2004,24(5):60-63.
[11]晏俊伟,龙源,方向,等.基于小波变换的爆破振动信号能量分布特征分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(5):405-410.YAN Jun-wei,LONG Yuan,FANG Xiang,et al.Analysis on features of energy distribution for blasting seismicwave based on wavelet transform[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(5):405-410.
[12]晏俊伟,龙源,方向,等.基于小波包变换的爆破地震波时频特征提取及分析[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(5):25-29.YAN Jun-wei,LONG Yuan,FANG Xiang,et al.Time-frequency characteristics extracting and analysis of blas-ting seismic wave based on wavelet packet transformation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,26(5):25-29.
[13]李洪涛,卢文波,舒大强,等.基于功率谱的爆破地震能量分析方法[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(5):491-495.LI Hong-tao,LU Wen-bo,SHU Da-qiang,et al.An energy analysis method for blast-induced seismic based onpower spectrum[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(5):491-495.
[14]徐伯勋,白旭滨,于常青.地震勘探信息技术提取、分析和预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.
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