从郯庐地震带安丘地区地震成因土层构造认识地震破坏作用
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摘要
在郯庐地震带的安丘地区,发现始新世朱壁店组厚层冲积层中发育一些同沉积的地震扰动岩土层。通过野外观测和比较地震地质学研究,识别出了振动液化砂脉、液化砂墙、裂隙充填砂质卵石墙、震塌落体、地震层内断裂及地震沉陷构造等地震成因土层构造。它们是5～8.5级强烈地震事件的记录。根据这些强烈地震成因土层构造的动力学特征进行分析,认为强烈地震对地基土的破坏作用有几种方式:液化作用、地震裂隙充填作用、振动塌落作用、断裂破坏作用和震沉陷落作用。
Some syndepositional soil-layers disturbed by earthquakes were discovered in thick-bedded alluviums of Eocene Zhubidian formation in Anqiu area of Tancheng-Lujiang seismic zone.Through the field observation and comparative seism-geologic studies,many seism-genesis soil-layer structures such as vibration-liquefied sand vein,vibration-liquefied sand dyke,sandy cobble dyke by fissure filling,seismic fall mass,seismic intra-layer fault and seism-settlement structures etc.were recognized.The seismic structures were records of earthquake events of magnitudes ranging from 5 to 8.5.According to the analysis of dynamic characteristics of these seismic soil-layer structures,it was proposed that failure functions of foundation caused by strong earthquakes included liquefaction,seismic fissure filling,vibration falling,fracturing and seismic settlement of soil.
Some syndepositional soil-layers disturbed by earthquakes were discovered in thick-bedded alluviums of Eocene Zhubidian formation in Anqiu area of Tancheng-Lujiang seismic zone.Through the field observation and comparative seism-geologic studies,many seism-genesis soil-layer structures such as vibration-liquefied sand vein,vibration-liquefied sand dyke,sandy cobble dyke by fissure filling,seismic fall mass,seismic intra-layer fault and seism-settlement structures etc.were recognized.The seismic structures were records of earthquake events of magnitudes ranging from 5 to 8.5.According to the analysis of dynamic characteristics of these seismic soil-layer structures,it was proposed that failure functions of foundation caused by strong earthquakes included liquefaction,seismic fissure filling,vibration falling,fracturing and seismic settlement of soil.
引文
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[2]乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系[J].科学通报,1999,44(16):1753–1758.
[3]乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.古郯庐带新元古界——灾变.层序.生物[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1–122.
[4]乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义[J].中国科学(D)辑,2001,31(11):911–918.
[5]田洪水,万中杰,王华林.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究[J].地质论评,2003,49(2):123–131.
[6]迟元林,钟建华,周瑶琪,等.安徽巢北早三叠世南陵湖灰岩中的灰涌构造及其成因意义[J].岩石学报,1999,15(1):137–144.
[7]陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.济阳拗陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):413–424.
[8]张增奇,刘明渭.山东省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:264–269.
[9]GB50007—2002,建筑地基基础设计规范[S].
[10]山东省地质调查院.1∶50000安丘幅区域地质调查报告[R].2002:101–110.
[11]杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):389–394.
[12]Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,De Vicente G,Gomez-Dras D.Soft-sedement deformation structures interpreted as seismites in lacustrine sediments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as indicators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene[J].Sedimentary Geology.2000,135:117–135.
[13]Plazait J C,Purser B H,Philobbos E.Seismites deformation structures(seismite)in the syn-rift sediments of the NW Red Sea(Egypt)[J].Bull Soc Ged France 1990,(8):419–434.
[14]Plazait J C,Ahmed E.Diversity of the sedimentary expressions of major earthquakes:An example from the pliocence sandy seismites of the Egyptian Red Sea coast[J].Geol Soc Egypt Spec Publ,1993,(1):277–294.
[15]Purser B H,Plaziat J C.Philobbos E.Stratiform breccias and associated deformation structures recording Neogene earthquake in syn-rift sediments of the Egyptian Red Sea coast[J].Geol Soc Egypt Spec Publ,1993,(1):189–204.
[16]Pratt B R.Syneresis cracks:subaqueous shrinkage in argillaceous sediments caused by earthquake-induced dewatering[J].Sedimentary Geology,1998,117:1–10.
[17]Cojan I,Thiry M.Seismically induced deformation structures in Oligocene shallow-marine and eolian coastal sands(Paris Basin)[J].Tectonophysics,1992,206:79–89.
[18]Guiraud M,Plaziait J C.Seismite in the fluviatile Bima sandstones:identification of their magnitudes in a Cretaceous synsedimentary strike-slip basin(Upper Benue,Nigeria)[J].Tectonophysics,1993,225:493–522.
[19]冯先岳.地震振动液化变形研究[J].内陆地震,1989,3(4):209–307.
[20]魏光兴,孙昭民.山东省自然灾害史[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:1–256.
[21]赵明华,俞晓.土力学与基础工程[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003:36–37,318–319.
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