3.5D地震勘探实例研究
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摘要
3D和随时间推移(TL)地震是油田评价与开发阶段重要的地震勘探方法。近年来,TL地震正逐步成为油藏开发和管理中的重要手段之一。但TL地震受到储层条件、开采方式、TL地震勘探过程中非重复性噪声以及一些油田在开发早期未开展基础3D地震观测等诸因素的影响,这些因素使得这一技术在陆上油田开发中的应用受到了制约。为此,提出了3.5D地震勘探方法。3.5D地震勘探方法应用油田开发中、晚期的高精度3D地震数据,结合油田开发动态信息解决油田开发中存在的问题,寻找剩余油气分布区域。通过对中国西部某油田的开发实例研究,认为:3.5D地震可以较有效地解决油田开发中的问题,发现剩余油气的分布,不但解决了一些油田早期没有3D地震或早期3D地震数据质量存在严重非重复性噪声影响的问题,同时还可降低TL地震勘探的风险,提高油田开发的经济效益。
3-D and 4-D(or time-lapse)seismic are important exploration techniques for field evaluation and development phase.Increasing- ly,time-lapse seismic is becoming a most popular tool for reservoir development and management.However,its application is con- strained by reservoir conditions,production mechanism,non-re- peatability noise in time-lapse seismic,and even the availability of basic 3-D seismic survey.This constrains the application of time- lapse seismic in onshore fields.Therefore,a 3.5-D seismic tech- nique was proposed.The high quality 3-D seismic data obtained in the middle and later stage for reservoir development is used in the technique,combined with the production history to solve the prob- lems in reservoir development and identify the distribution of resid- ual hydrocarbon.The application to an onshore field in West China shows that 3.5-D seismic can effectively solve the problems in res- ervoir development,identify the distribution of residual hydrocar- bon,and overcome the problem of the shortage of 3-D seismic or the impact of non-repeatability noise in the early stage of field.At the same time,the technique can decrease the risk of time-lapse ex- ploration and improve the economic benefit of reservoir develop- ment.
3-D and 4-D(or time-lapse)seismic are important exploration techniques for field evaluation and development phase.Increasing- ly,time-lapse seismic is becoming a most popular tool for reservoir development and management.However,its application is con- strained by reservoir conditions,production mechanism,non-re- peatability noise in time-lapse seismic,and even the availability of basic 3-D seismic survey.This constrains the application of time- lapse seismic in onshore fields.Therefore,a 3.5-D seismic tech- nique was proposed.The high quality 3-D seismic data obtained in the middle and later stage for reservoir development is used in the technique,combined with the production history to solve the prob- lems in reservoir development and identify the distribution of resid- ual hydrocarbon.The application to an onshore field in West China shows that 3.5-D seismic can effectively solve the problems in res- ervoir development,identify the distribution of residual hydrocar- bon,and overcome the problem of the shortage of 3-D seismic or the impact of non-repeatability noise in the early stage of field.At the same time,the technique can decrease the risk of time-lapse ex- ploration and improve the economic benefit of reservoir develop- ment.
引文
1 Rock S M.Three dimensional reflection control [J]. Geophysics,1938,3(4):340～348
2 Levin F K,Hibbard H C.Three dimensional seismic model studies[J].Geophysics,1955,20(1):19～32
3 Hilterman F J.Three dimensional seismic modeling [J].Geophysics,1970,35(6):1020～1037
4 Albert W M.Wave-fornt charts and three dimensional migrations[J].Geophysics,1961,26(6):738～753
5 French W S.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration of model-experiment reflection profiles[J], Geophysics,1974,39(3):265～277
6 Broding R A,Bentey N J,Hearn D P.Study of a three dimensional seismic detection system[J].Geophysics, 1974,29(2):221～249
7 Sattlegger J W.Three dimensional seismic depth com- putation using space-sampled velocity logs[J].Geo- physics,1969,34(1):7～20
8 Walton G G.Three dimensional seismic method[J]. Geophysics,1972,37(3):417～430
9 Robert J G,Alistair R B.Field appraisal with three-di- mensional seismic sureys offshore Trinidad[J].Geo- physics,1982,47(2):177～195
10 Dahm C G,Graebner R J.Field development with three- dimensional seismic methods in the Gulf of Thailand:A case history[J].Geophysics,1982,47(2):149～176
11 Hiterman F J.Interpretative lessons from three-di- mensional modeling[J].Geophysics,1982,47(5): 784～808
12 Geoffrey A D,Mary J C,Kenneth M T.Visualization in 3-D seismic interpretation[J].The Leading Edge, 1995,14(10):1045～1050
13 Sheffield T M,Meyer D,Lees J,et al.Geovolume vi- sualization interpretation:Color in 3-D volumes[J]. The Leading Edge,1999,18(6):668～674
14 Nur A,Tosaya C,Thanh D V.Seismic monitoring of thermal enhanced oil recovery processes[J].Expanded Abstracts of 54~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1984, 337～340
15 Wang Z J,Nur A.Effect of temperature on wave ve- locities in sands and sandstones with heavy hydrocar- bons[J].Expanded Abstracts of 56~(th)Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1986,3～5
16 Nut A.Four-dimensional seismology and(true)direct detection of hydrocarbons:The petrophysical basis [J].The Leading Edge,1989,8(9):30～36
17 Sigit R,Morse P J,Kimbe K D.4-D seismic that works:A successful large scale application,Duri Steamflood,Sumatra,Indonesia[J].Expanded Ab- stracts of 69~(th)Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1999, 2055～2058
18 Lumley D E.Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring [J].Geophysics,2001,66(1):50～53
19 Tufa A.Time-lapse seismic:Are we there yet?[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73~(rd)Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 2003,2395～2398
20 Ross C P,Cunningham G B,Weber D P.Inside the cross-equalization black box[J].The Leading Edge, 1996,15(11):1233～1240
21 Rickett J E,Lumley D E.Cross-equalization data pro- cessing for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:A case study from the Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics, 2001,66(4):1015～1025
22凌云，高军，吴琳．时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2005，40(2)：176～182
23凌云研究组．叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(5)：543～552；
24凌云研究组．叠后相对保持振幅处理研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(5)：502～506
25凌云研究组．3D地震数据的分析与检测方法研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2002，37(5)：433～440
26凌云，黄旭日，高军等．非重复性采集随时间推移地震勘探实例研究[J]．石油物探，2007，45(3)：231～248
27凌云研究组．测井与地震信息标定研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(1)：68～74
2 Levin F K,Hibbard H C.Three dimensional seismic model studies[J].Geophysics,1955,20(1):19～32
3 Hilterman F J.Three dimensional seismic modeling [J].Geophysics,1970,35(6):1020～1037
4 Albert W M.Wave-fornt charts and three dimensional migrations[J].Geophysics,1961,26(6):738～753
5 French W S.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration of model-experiment reflection profiles[J], Geophysics,1974,39(3):265～277
6 Broding R A,Bentey N J,Hearn D P.Study of a three dimensional seismic detection system[J].Geophysics, 1974,29(2):221～249
7 Sattlegger J W.Three dimensional seismic depth com- putation using space-sampled velocity logs[J].Geo- physics,1969,34(1):7～20
8 Walton G G.Three dimensional seismic method[J]. Geophysics,1972,37(3):417～430
9 Robert J G,Alistair R B.Field appraisal with three-di- mensional seismic sureys offshore Trinidad[J].Geo- physics,1982,47(2):177～195
10 Dahm C G,Graebner R J.Field development with three- dimensional seismic methods in the Gulf of Thailand:A case history[J].Geophysics,1982,47(2):149～176
11 Hiterman F J.Interpretative lessons from three-di- mensional modeling[J].Geophysics,1982,47(5): 784～808
12 Geoffrey A D,Mary J C,Kenneth M T.Visualization in 3-D seismic interpretation[J].The Leading Edge, 1995,14(10):1045～1050
13 Sheffield T M,Meyer D,Lees J,et al.Geovolume vi- sualization interpretation:Color in 3-D volumes[J]. The Leading Edge,1999,18(6):668～674
14 Nur A,Tosaya C,Thanh D V.Seismic monitoring of thermal enhanced oil recovery processes[J].Expanded Abstracts of 54~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1984, 337～340
15 Wang Z J,Nur A.Effect of temperature on wave ve- locities in sands and sandstones with heavy hydrocar- bons[J].Expanded Abstracts of 56~(th)Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1986,3～5
16 Nut A.Four-dimensional seismology and(true)direct detection of hydrocarbons:The petrophysical basis [J].The Leading Edge,1989,8(9):30～36
17 Sigit R,Morse P J,Kimbe K D.4-D seismic that works:A successful large scale application,Duri Steamflood,Sumatra,Indonesia[J].Expanded Ab- stracts of 69~(th)Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1999, 2055～2058
18 Lumley D E.Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring [J].Geophysics,2001,66(1):50～53
19 Tufa A.Time-lapse seismic:Are we there yet?[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73~(rd)Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 2003,2395～2398
20 Ross C P,Cunningham G B,Weber D P.Inside the cross-equalization black box[J].The Leading Edge, 1996,15(11):1233～1240
21 Rickett J E,Lumley D E.Cross-equalization data pro- cessing for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:A case study from the Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics, 2001,66(4):1015～1025
22凌云，高军，吴琳．时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2005，40(2)：176～182
23凌云研究组．叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(5)：543～552；
24凌云研究组．叠后相对保持振幅处理研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(5)：502～506
25凌云研究组．3D地震数据的分析与检测方法研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2002，37(5)：433～440
26凌云，黄旭日，高军等．非重复性采集随时间推移地震勘探实例研究[J]．石油物探，2007，45(3)：231～248
27凌云研究组．测井与地震信息标定研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(1)：68～74
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