Newmark方法在芦山地震诱发滑坡分布预测研究中的应用
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摘要
对于地震滑坡灾害而言,进行地震滑坡危险区划是降低损失的有效手段之一。因此,地震滑坡危险性预测方法的研究成为这一领域的热点。2013年4月20日芦山地震诱发了大量的滑坡崩塌,造成了严重的人员伤亡和社会经济财产损失。文中通过对地震灾区震后航片、遥感影像等的解译,初步获得此次地震诱发滑坡的分布概况。在芦山地震灾区的地形和岩性分析的基础上,基于Newmark物理平衡模型,对该区的潜在地震滑坡危险区进行了分析预测,通过对比本研究获得的潜在滑坡区域预测结果与解译的滑坡分布情况,表明Newmark模型是一种有效的地震诱发滑坡预测分析方法。进一步探讨了不同滑坡影响范围估算方法的差异,认为震级与产生滑坡最远距离之间的关系是一种较好的估算方法。
As a kind of secondary disasters caused by strong earthquakes,earthquake-triggered landslide has drawn much attention in the world because of severe hazards it causes.The 2013 Lushan,China,earthquake triggered lots of landslides and provided an opportunity to test various kinds of methods which have been used in earthquake triggered landslides assessment.Based on the high-resolution satellite images and aerial photos,we preliminarily interpret landslides in the damaged region.It is found that almost all of the landslides took place in the area with seismic intensity above Ⅶ.Spatially,the triggered landslides are controlled by the causative faults in their distribution and mainly concentrate around the epicenter.Based on the Newmark's method model,critical acceleration a c is used to predict potential landslides.Comparing with the landslides occurrences in the study area,the result of our calculation proves that Newmark's model is effective in seismic hazards analysis.Also,the landslide affected area is estimated by several methods and the difference between them is discussed.
As a kind of secondary disasters caused by strong earthquakes,earthquake-triggered landslide has drawn much attention in the world because of severe hazards it causes.The 2013 Lushan,China,earthquake triggered lots of landslides and provided an opportunity to test various kinds of methods which have been used in earthquake triggered landslides assessment.Based on the high-resolution satellite images and aerial photos,we preliminarily interpret landslides in the damaged region.It is found that almost all of the landslides took place in the area with seismic intensity above Ⅶ.Spatially,the triggered landslides are controlled by the causative faults in their distribution and mainly concentrate around the epicenter.Based on the Newmark's method model,critical acceleration a c is used to predict potential landslides.Comparing with the landslides occurrences in the study area,the result of our calculation proves that Newmark's model is effective in seismic hazards analysis.Also,the landslide affected area is estimated by several methods and the difference between them is discussed.
引文
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王余庆,辛鸿博,高艳平.2001.预测岩土边坡地震崩滑的综合指标法研究[J].岩土工程学报,23(3):311—314 .WANG Yu-qi,XIN Hong-bo,GAO Yan-ping.2001.Study on comprehensive index method for predicating earthquakeinduced landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,23(3):311—314(in Chinese).
许冲,肖建章.2013a.2013年芦山地震滑坡空间分布分析:以太平镇东北方向的一个典型矩形区域为例[J].地震地质,35(2):436—451.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.02.021.XU Chong,XIAO Jian-zhang.2013a.Spatial analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013 M S7 .0 Lushan earthquake:A case study of a typical rectangle area in the northeast of Taiping town[J].Seismology and Geology,35(2):436—451 (in Chinese).
许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊,等.2013b.2013年四川省芦山“4.20”7.0级强烈地震触发滑坡[J].地震地质,35(3):641 —660.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.018.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Wen-jun,et al.2013b.Landslides triggered by the April 20,2013 Lushan,Sichuan Province M S7 .0 strong earthquake of China[J].Seismology and Geology,35(3):641—660(in Chinese).
中国地质调查局.2001.四川省区域地质图(1︰200000)[Z].北京:地质出版社.China Geological Survey.2001.Regional Geological map of Sichuan Province(1︰200000)[Z].Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Bommer J J,Carlos E,Rodr'guez C R.2002.Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America[J].Eng Geol,63:189 —220.
Chen X L,Zhou Q,Ran H L,et al.2012.Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,12:351—363.
Jibson R W,Harp E L,Michael J A.2000.A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide[J].Eng Geol,58:271—289.
Jibson R W,Michael J A.2009.Maps Showing Seismic Landslide Hazards in Anchorage,Alaska.U.S.Geological Survey,http:∥geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/.
Kawabe H.2000.Earthquake and earthquake motion[A].In:Nakamura H,Tsuchiya S,Inoue K&Ishikawa Y(eds).Earthquake Sabo(in Japanese).Kokon Shoin,Tokyo,1—13.
Keefer D K.1984.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,95:406—421.
Keefer D K.2002.Investigating landslides caused by earthquake-A historical review[J].Surveys in Geophysics,23:473 —510.
Newmark N M.1965.Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique,15:139—160.
Rodri'guez C E,Bommerb J J,Chandlerb R J.1999.Earthquake-induced landslides:1980-1997[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,18:325—346.
Scott S B,Keefer D K.2001.Seismic landslide hazard for the city of Berkeley,California.USGS,Open File.http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/464/100285/20130504223531716501562/index.html.
丁彦慧,王余庆,孙进忠,等.2000.地震崩滑预测方法及其工程研究应用[J].工程地质学报,8(4):475—480.DING Yan-hui,WANG Yu-qing,SUN Jin-zhong,et al.2000.Research on the method for prediction of earthquake-induced landslides and its application to engineering projects[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,8(4):475—480(in Chinese).
国家技术监督局,中华人民共和国建设部.1995.中华人民共和国国家标准·工程岩体分级标准(GB50218-94)[S].北京:中国计划出版社.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China.1995.Standard for Engineering Classification of Rock Masses[S].China Planning Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
李天池.1979.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测的探讨(节录)[A].滑坡文集(二).北京:人民铁道出版社.LI Tian-chi.1979.Relationship between earthquake and landslides and prediction of earthquake induced landslides[A].Landslide anthology(Ⅱ).The People's Railway Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
王兰民,袁中夏,石玉成,等.1999.黄土地震灾害区划指标与方法研究[J].自然灾害学报,18(3):87—92.WANG Lan-min,YUAN Zhong-xia,SHI Yu-cheng,et al.1999.Study on the methods and indexes of zonation for loessial seismic disasters[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,18(3):87—92(in Chinese).
王余庆,辛鸿博,高艳平.2001.预测岩土边坡地震崩滑的综合指标法研究[J].岩土工程学报,23(3):311—314 .WANG Yu-qi,XIN Hong-bo,GAO Yan-ping.2001.Study on comprehensive index method for predicating earthquakeinduced landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,23(3):311—314(in Chinese).
许冲,肖建章.2013a.2013年芦山地震滑坡空间分布分析:以太平镇东北方向的一个典型矩形区域为例[J].地震地质,35(2):436—451.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.02.021.XU Chong,XIAO Jian-zhang.2013a.Spatial analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013 M S7 .0 Lushan earthquake:A case study of a typical rectangle area in the northeast of Taiping town[J].Seismology and Geology,35(2):436—451 (in Chinese).
许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊,等.2013b.2013年四川省芦山“4.20”7.0级强烈地震触发滑坡[J].地震地质,35(3):641 —660.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.018.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Wen-jun,et al.2013b.Landslides triggered by the April 20,2013 Lushan,Sichuan Province M S7 .0 strong earthquake of China[J].Seismology and Geology,35(3):641—660(in Chinese).
中国地质调查局.2001.四川省区域地质图(1︰200000)[Z].北京:地质出版社.China Geological Survey.2001.Regional Geological map of Sichuan Province(1︰200000)[Z].Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Bommer J J,Carlos E,Rodr'guez C R.2002.Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America[J].Eng Geol,63:189 —220.
Chen X L,Zhou Q,Ran H L,et al.2012.Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,12:351—363.
Jibson R W,Harp E L,Michael J A.2000.A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide[J].Eng Geol,58:271—289.
Jibson R W,Michael J A.2009.Maps Showing Seismic Landslide Hazards in Anchorage,Alaska.U.S.Geological Survey,http:∥geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/.
Kawabe H.2000.Earthquake and earthquake motion[A].In:Nakamura H,Tsuchiya S,Inoue K&Ishikawa Y(eds).Earthquake Sabo(in Japanese).Kokon Shoin,Tokyo,1—13.
Keefer D K.1984.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,95:406—421.
Keefer D K.2002.Investigating landslides caused by earthquake-A historical review[J].Surveys in Geophysics,23:473 —510.
Newmark N M.1965.Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique,15:139—160.
Rodri'guez C E,Bommerb J J,Chandlerb R J.1999.Earthquake-induced landslides:1980-1997[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,18:325—346.
Scott S B,Keefer D K.2001.Seismic landslide hazard for the city of Berkeley,California.USGS,Open File.http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/464/100285/20130504223531716501562/index.html.
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