以生态-经济为导向的江苏省土地开发适宜性分区
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摘要
随着城市化和工业化进程的加快,经济发达地区大量的农业及生态保护用地被侵占,开发可持续性受到威胁。从协调经济、人口、资源、环境相互关系出发,空间开发强调因地制宜,即让开发成本低、资源环境容量大的地区承担高强度的工业化和城市化等社会经济活动;而让生态价值高、开发难度大的区域承担农业和生态维护功能。土地开发适宜性分区,以生态-经济为导向,借鉴已有区划方法,采用要素层-关系层-逻辑层-应用层的技术路线,评价适宜各单元的开发强度,划分开发与保护空间。将这一方法运用于江苏省的案例研究之中,以县和省辖市市区为基本评价单元,通过选择自然生态与经济社会两方面的指标,综合分析生态和经济重要性指数,将江苏全省划分为优先开发区域、适度开发区域、适度保护区域、优先保护区域和灰色区域等五大类型区。这一结果可以作为引导空间开发秩序、实施区域建设空间管制的重要依据。
Along with the highly speedy urbanization and the industrialization in China,the contradiction between economic growth and ecological protection is more evident than ever before.The disordered land utilization has led to land overuse and natural ecological destruction.However,the regionalization of potential land use is a useful path to provide the scientific groundwork and guide of land exploitation and protection,i.e.,some areas shine in exploitation of industrialization and urbanization while others may need agricultural and ecological conservation.According to the technical route from factor layer,to relationship layer,to logic layer and finally to application layer,the method of regionalization,such as how to choose and analyse the ecological and economic factors and how to integrate the ecological and economic significant value by the method of classification matrix,has been discussed.After that,Jiangsu Province has been taken as a case for the regionalizaion of potential land use.Taking the counties and cities as the basic evaluating unites to apply the evaluation of ecological and economic significant value,Jiangsu Province is divided into feasible development area,limitary development area,moderate conservation area,prohibited exploiting area and elasticity gray area by the methods mentioned above,and then the spatial development direction and the management demand for each area has been advanced.That is a very important base for leading the order of spatial development and controlling the regional space.
Along with the highly speedy urbanization and the industrialization in China,the contradiction between economic growth and ecological protection is more evident than ever before.The disordered land utilization has led to land overuse and natural ecological destruction.However,the regionalization of potential land use is a useful path to provide the scientific groundwork and guide of land exploitation and protection,i.e.,some areas shine in exploitation of industrialization and urbanization while others may need agricultural and ecological conservation.According to the technical route from factor layer,to relationship layer,to logic layer and finally to application layer,the method of regionalization,such as how to choose and analyse the ecological and economic factors and how to integrate the ecological and economic significant value by the method of classification matrix,has been discussed.After that,Jiangsu Province has been taken as a case for the regionalizaion of potential land use.Taking the counties and cities as the basic evaluating unites to apply the evaluation of ecological and economic significant value,Jiangsu Province is divided into feasible development area,limitary development area,moderate conservation area,prohibited exploiting area and elasticity gray area by the methods mentioned above,and then the spatial development direction and the management demand for each area has been advanced.That is a very important base for leading the order of spatial development and controlling the regional space.
引文
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[12]约翰.M.利维(著).现代城市规划[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.126~152.
[13]林肯土地政策研究所.土地市场监控与城市类型发展[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2003.89~95.
[14]刘卫东,樊杰,周成虎.中国西部开发重点区域规划前期研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003.92~106.
[15]潘贤君,胡宝清.区域国土资源分等评价——以大连陆域国土资源为例[J].地理科学,1997,17(3):208~213.
[16]黄杏元,倪绍祥,徐寿成,等.地理信息系统支持区域土地利用决策的研究[J].地理学报,1993,(2):114~121.
[17]Constanza R D,Arge de G rootR.The value of the worlds′ecosys-tem services and natural cap ital[J].Nature,1997,387(15):253-260.
[18]Heal G.Valu ing ecosystem services[J].Ecosystem s,2000,3:24-30.
[19]M cHarg I L.Natural factors in plann ing[J].SoilW ater Conser-vation,1997,52(1):13-17.
[20]陈雯,段学军,陈江龙,等.空间开发功能区划方法[J].地理学报,2004,59(增刊):1~6.
①江苏省发展计划委员会,铸造新世纪的辉煌——江苏省“十五”计划综合汇编(综合篇),第164页
①按照《拉萨姆公约》(《湿地公约》)的规定,湿地是各种天然或人工的、长久或暂时的沼泽地、湿源、泥源、泥炭地或水域地带;静止或流动的水域;淡水、半咸水或咸水;低潮时水深不超过6 m的水域。
⑤地面沉降易发区:第四纪土层厚度在60 m以上,承压地下水发育,地下水位下降和地面沉降明显的地区。地面沉降以及地震易发区根据江苏省国土资源厅《江苏省主要地质灾害易发区划分报告》,2002年划定。
⑥依据江苏省水利厅和环保厅“江苏省地表水(环境)功能区划”,2003。
⑦根据2004年江苏省统计年鉴和建设年报数据计算。
⑧根据2000年人口普查资料数据计算。
[2]丘宝剑.全国自然区划潜论[J].地理科学,1984,4(1):61~80.
[3]周立三.中国农业区划的理论与实践[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.244~284.
[4]胡序威.中国经济区类型与组织[J].地理学报,1993,38(3):193~202.
[5]隋锡山.中国商业经济区划初探[J].地理科学,1991,11(3):214~222.
[6]傅伯杰,刘国华,陈利顶.中国生态区划方案[J].生态学报,2001,21(1):1~6.
[7]Bailey R G.Ecological regionalization in Canada and the Un itedStates[J].Geoforum,1985,16(3):365-373.
[8]K lingeb iel A A and Montgom ery P H.Land Capab ility C lassifica-tion[J].US D epartm ent ofAgricu lture Handbook,1961.210.
[9]Turner K R.Land Evaluation:F inancial,Econom ic and Ecologi-cal Approaches[J].Soil Survey and Land Evaluation,1985,5:21-33.
[10]Institut für Raumordnung und Entw icklungsplanung Un iversitatStuttgart,Ch inese Academy of Sciences,South East ResourcesEnvironm ent Comprehensive Research Centre.Sustainab le D e-velopm ent by Integrated Land Use P lann ing(SILUP)[R].IREUS-SCHR IFTENRE IHE BAND 22,2001,15-16.
[11]Cu llingworth B,Roger W C.P lann ing in USA,Policies,issuesand processes,second ed ition[M].New York:Routledge,1997.63-124.
[12]约翰.M.利维(著).现代城市规划[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.126~152.
[13]林肯土地政策研究所.土地市场监控与城市类型发展[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2003.89~95.
[14]刘卫东,樊杰,周成虎.中国西部开发重点区域规划前期研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003.92~106.
[15]潘贤君,胡宝清.区域国土资源分等评价——以大连陆域国土资源为例[J].地理科学,1997,17(3):208~213.
[16]黄杏元,倪绍祥,徐寿成,等.地理信息系统支持区域土地利用决策的研究[J].地理学报,1993,(2):114~121.
[17]Constanza R D,Arge de G rootR.The value of the worlds′ecosys-tem services and natural cap ital[J].Nature,1997,387(15):253-260.
[18]Heal G.Valu ing ecosystem services[J].Ecosystem s,2000,3:24-30.
[19]M cHarg I L.Natural factors in plann ing[J].SoilW ater Conser-vation,1997,52(1):13-17.
[20]陈雯,段学军,陈江龙,等.空间开发功能区划方法[J].地理学报,2004,59(增刊):1~6.
①江苏省发展计划委员会,铸造新世纪的辉煌——江苏省“十五”计划综合汇编(综合篇),第164页
①按照《拉萨姆公约》(《湿地公约》)的规定,湿地是各种天然或人工的、长久或暂时的沼泽地、湿源、泥源、泥炭地或水域地带;静止或流动的水域;淡水、半咸水或咸水;低潮时水深不超过6 m的水域。
⑤地面沉降易发区:第四纪土层厚度在60 m以上,承压地下水发育,地下水位下降和地面沉降明显的地区。地面沉降以及地震易发区根据江苏省国土资源厅《江苏省主要地质灾害易发区划分报告》,2002年划定。
⑥依据江苏省水利厅和环保厅“江苏省地表水(环境)功能区划”,2003。
⑦根据2004年江苏省统计年鉴和建设年报数据计算。
⑧根据2000年人口普查资料数据计算。
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