竺可桢:开发中国科学传统现代科技创新功能的奠基人——庆祝中国科学院自然科学史研究所成立50周年
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摘要
竺可桢是卓越的科学家、教育家,中国现代科学事业的领导人之一,是中国近代地理学和气象学的奠基者,他在历史气候学、历史天文学、历史地震学、中国自然科学史等学术研究领域取得了丰硕的成果,同时在他的领导下,中国科学院创办了"自然科学史研究所",使我国的自然国学研究走上了建制化的道路。在他的身上具有很崇高的科学精神,但他是人不是神,他的学术研究不可能摆脱那个时代的历史局限。他曾提出过"中国古代无科学"的观点,这是一种过分把西方近代科学中的实验基础本质化的观念。另外,西方科学的还原论思维特点,也限制了他对中国古代科学体系能够作出更高的认识。他奠基、开创和领导的"发掘中国古代科技成就"的事业,其宗旨不是为了传统而研究传统,更大的目的是古为今用,即开发中国科学传统的现代科技创新功能,这种开拓性贡献是无人能比的。为了继承他的精神,中国自然科学史研究在保持几十年来的分科传统的同时,还要开拓综合性研究,以发掘中国传统科学中的宝贵矿藏,促进和实现全人类的现代科学创新。
Zhu Kezhen was a prominent scientist,educationalist,and one of the leaders in China's scientific course in modern times.As the founder of China's modern geography and meteorology,he made plentiful and substantial achievements in historic climatology,historic astronomy,historic seismology,and in the history of natural science of China.Under his leadership,Chinese Academy of Sciences established The Institute for the History of Natural Science,which enabled the organizational system for the study of China's culture in the researches of natural sciences.Although he personified lofty scientific spirits,there are historic limitations which he could not get rid of in his times in his academic research,as he was also a man.He once raised the view that "there was no science in ancient China",which was a notion of overstressing the essence on experimental basis applied by Western modern sciences.Furthermore,the thinking characteristics of reductionism in Western sciences also limited his better cognition of ancient China's scientific system.He founded,initiated and led the course of "digging ancient China's scientific and technical achievements",whose aim was not to study the tradition for study's sake but for the present utilization of ancient achievements as a higher purpose,or to develop the innovative functions in China's scientific tradition.His initiative contribution is incomparable.To inherit his spirit,the research of China's history of natural sciences,in maintaining the tradition of classifying subjects over decades,will also open up comprehensive researches to dig up the valuable treasure in China's traditional sciences so as to promote and realize modern scientific innovation for the whole mankind.
Zhu Kezhen was a prominent scientist,educationalist,and one of the leaders in China's scientific course in modern times.As the founder of China's modern geography and meteorology,he made plentiful and substantial achievements in historic climatology,historic astronomy,historic seismology,and in the history of natural science of China.Under his leadership,Chinese Academy of Sciences established The Institute for the History of Natural Science,which enabled the organizational system for the study of China's culture in the researches of natural sciences.Although he personified lofty scientific spirits,there are historic limitations which he could not get rid of in his times in his academic research,as he was also a man.He once raised the view that "there was no science in ancient China",which was a notion of overstressing the essence on experimental basis applied by Western modern sciences.Furthermore,the thinking characteristics of reductionism in Western sciences also limited his better cognition of ancient China's scientific system.He founded,initiated and led the course of "digging ancient China's scientific and technical achievements",whose aim was not to study the tradition for study's sake but for the present utilization of ancient achievements as a higher purpose,or to develop the innovative functions in China's scientific tradition.His initiative contribution is incomparable.To inherit his spirit,the research of China's history of natural sciences,in maintaining the tradition of classifying subjects over decades,will also open up comprehensive researches to dig up the valuable treasure in China's traditional sciences so as to promote and realize modern scientific innovation for the whole mankind.
引文
[1]宋正海.历史自然学与自然科学史[G]//宋正海,孙关龙,艾素珍.历史自然学的理论与实践.北京:学苑出版社,1994.
[2]刘长林,孙关龙,宋正海,等.自然国学宣言[J].汉字文化,2001,(4).
[3]宋正海.历史自然学——一门在中国崛起的现代自然科学[J].大自然探索,1984,(4).
[4]高建国,宋正海.历史自然学进展[M].北京:海洋出版社,1987.
[5]吕东明,高庄,梁珊.中国近代地理学的奠基者[J/OL].http://www.gmw.cn/content/2005-06/06/content-592150.htm.
[6]竺可桢文集[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[7]竺可桢.中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究[J].考古学报,1972,(1).
[8]汪珍如.中国的古客星记录与现代天文学[J].传统文化与现代化,1993,(1).
[9]什克洛夫斯基.无线电天文学[M].北京:科学出版社,1958.
[10]席泽宗.古新星表[J].天文学报,1955,(2).
[11]中国地震资料年表[M].北京:科学出版社,1956.
[12]竺可桢日记(第3册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[13]竺可桢.为什么要研究我国古代科学史[N].人民日报,1954-08-27.
[14]谢毓寿,蔡美彪.中国地震历史资料汇编[G].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[15]沈文雄.竺可桢[J/OL].http://www.cas.ac.cn/html/cas50/ldr/zhukezhen.html.
[16]竺可桢.发刊词[J].科学史集刊,1958,(1).
[17]竺可桢.中国实验科学不发达的原因[J].国学半月刊,1935,(4).
[18]竺可桢.为什么中国古代没有产生自然科学[J].科学,1946,(3).
[19]辞海[K].上海:上海辞书出版社,1980.
[20]宋正海.科学实验的当代困惑——从人体特异功能之争谈起[J].中国气功科学,1997,(10~12).
[21]叶子.传统文化与当代科技发展——访中国科学院自然科学史所宋正海研究员[N].中国科学报(海外版),1996-07-25.
[22]宋正海,孙关龙.中国传统文化与现代科学技术[G].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1999.
[23]吴娟.“自然国学”应助科技一臂之力——京城一批学者提出挖掘中国传统科技文化精华[N].文汇报,2001-07-30.
[24]张以诚,刘长林,商宏宽,等.自然国学是否能形成体系(笔谈)[J].太原师范学院学报(社会科学版),2002,(1).
[25]胡阳,李长铎.正本清源,再思自然——“天地生人学术讲座”[J/OL].www.lixue.org.
[26]孙关龙,宋正海.自然国学——21世纪必将发扬光大的国学[C].北京:学苑出版社,2006.
[27]毛嘉陵,刘长林,宋正海,等.《东方科学宣言,》http://big5.phoenixtv.com:82/gate/big5/bbs.phoenixtv.com/fhbbs/redirect.php?tid=2695964&goto=lastpost
[2]刘长林,孙关龙,宋正海,等.自然国学宣言[J].汉字文化,2001,(4).
[3]宋正海.历史自然学——一门在中国崛起的现代自然科学[J].大自然探索,1984,(4).
[4]高建国,宋正海.历史自然学进展[M].北京:海洋出版社,1987.
[5]吕东明,高庄,梁珊.中国近代地理学的奠基者[J/OL].http://www.gmw.cn/content/2005-06/06/content-592150.htm.
[6]竺可桢文集[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[7]竺可桢.中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究[J].考古学报,1972,(1).
[8]汪珍如.中国的古客星记录与现代天文学[J].传统文化与现代化,1993,(1).
[9]什克洛夫斯基.无线电天文学[M].北京:科学出版社,1958.
[10]席泽宗.古新星表[J].天文学报,1955,(2).
[11]中国地震资料年表[M].北京:科学出版社,1956.
[12]竺可桢日记(第3册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[13]竺可桢.为什么要研究我国古代科学史[N].人民日报,1954-08-27.
[14]谢毓寿,蔡美彪.中国地震历史资料汇编[G].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[15]沈文雄.竺可桢[J/OL].http://www.cas.ac.cn/html/cas50/ldr/zhukezhen.html.
[16]竺可桢.发刊词[J].科学史集刊,1958,(1).
[17]竺可桢.中国实验科学不发达的原因[J].国学半月刊,1935,(4).
[18]竺可桢.为什么中国古代没有产生自然科学[J].科学,1946,(3).
[19]辞海[K].上海:上海辞书出版社,1980.
[20]宋正海.科学实验的当代困惑——从人体特异功能之争谈起[J].中国气功科学,1997,(10~12).
[21]叶子.传统文化与当代科技发展——访中国科学院自然科学史所宋正海研究员[N].中国科学报(海外版),1996-07-25.
[22]宋正海,孙关龙.中国传统文化与现代科学技术[G].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1999.
[23]吴娟.“自然国学”应助科技一臂之力——京城一批学者提出挖掘中国传统科技文化精华[N].文汇报,2001-07-30.
[24]张以诚,刘长林,商宏宽,等.自然国学是否能形成体系(笔谈)[J].太原师范学院学报(社会科学版),2002,(1).
[25]胡阳,李长铎.正本清源,再思自然——“天地生人学术讲座”[J/OL].www.lixue.org.
[26]孙关龙,宋正海.自然国学——21世纪必将发扬光大的国学[C].北京:学苑出版社,2006.
[27]毛嘉陵,刘长林,宋正海,等.《东方科学宣言,》http://big5.phoenixtv.com:82/gate/big5/bbs.phoenixtv.com/fhbbs/redirect.php?tid=2695964&goto=lastpost
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