地球物理勘探方法在云冈石窟保护中的应用
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摘要
地球物理勘探方法是一种有效的地质探测技术,它可依据岩体不同构造、岩石的地球物理性质不同产生的不同物理场来了解岩体地质特征而石窟寺的风化与其所处的岩体的性质有着密切的关系,所以,在石窟保护中应用地球物理勘探方法了解石窟赋存岩体的地质特征具有重要意义。本研究系统介绍了在石窟保护中常用的各种地球物理勘探方法的原理,回顾了电法勘探、探地雷达、地震勘探、井中物探等技术在世界文化遗产云冈石窟保护中的应用情况,同时指出了已有工作中存在的问题。
Geophysical prospecting is an effective technique used in geophysical survey.It can determine the geological characteristics of rock mass based on measurements of its structural and geophysical properties.The weathering of stone statues is closely related to the properties of the rock it is made from.Therefore,the geophysical prospecting method is of great importance in stone statue protection.This research details the theory of the geophysical prospecting method and summarizes the applications of electrical prospecting,geological radar,seismic prospecting and borehole geophysics to stone statue conservation.Unsolved problems are also discussed.
Geophysical prospecting is an effective technique used in geophysical survey.It can determine the geological characteristics of rock mass based on measurements of its structural and geophysical properties.The weathering of stone statues is closely related to the properties of the rock it is made from.Therefore,the geophysical prospecting method is of great importance in stone statue protection.This research details the theory of the geophysical prospecting method and summarizes the applications of electrical prospecting,geological radar,seismic prospecting and borehole geophysics to stone statue conservation.Unsolved problems are also discussed.
引文
[1]黄继忠.云冈石窟地质特征研究[J].东南文化,2003,(5):91- 93 HUANG Ji - zhong.The geological characteristics research of Yungang Grottoes[J].Southeast Cult,2003,(5 ):91 -93.
[2]黄继忠.云冈石窟主要病害及治理[J].雁北师范学院学报, 2003,(10):57-59 HUANG Ji-zhong.Main damages and preservation of the Yungang Grottoes[J].J Yanbei Normal University,2003.(10):57 - 59.
[3]赵不忆,林茂炳.大同云冈石窟岩石风化调查报告[Z].1964 ZHAO Bu - yi.UN Mao -bing.The report on the weathering of Yungang Grotoes,Datong.Shanxi[Z].1964.
[4]黄继忠.水岩作用与云冈石窟风化病害机理研究[D].中国地质科学院博士论文,2005. HUANG Ji-zhong.The water - rock[D].PhD thesis,China Geological Academy,2005.
[5]钟世航,黄克忠.用物探技术探查乐山大佛内部状况[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(3):226-230. ZHONG Shi - hang,HUANG Ke - zhong.Using geophysical technolngy to explore great stone statue Buddha in Leshan[J].Chin J Eng Heophys,2004,1(3):226 - 230.
[6]马涛,孙渊,Simon S.乾陵石刻内部裂隙的超声波探测研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2002,4(2):9-20. MA Tao,SUN Yuan,Simon S.Studies on internal fissures and fractures of stone sculptures hy ultrasonic techniques[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol 2002,4(2 ):9-20.
[7]黄克忠,钟世航.云冈石窟石雕风化的微测深试验[J].文物保护和考古研究,1989,1(1):28-33. HUANG Ke - zhong,ZHONG Shi - huang.The microsounding experiment in the weathering of Yungang Grotoes[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol. 1989,1(1):28-33.
[8]方玉禹,夏鸿,欧宗豪,等.地球物理助探方法在云冈石窟的应用[Z].1965:1 FANG Yu -yu,XIA Hong,OU Zhun -hao,et al.Geophysical survey techniques used in Yungang Grottoes[Z].1965:1.
[9]贾苓希.应用地球物理勘探方法研究云冈石窟围岩裂隙分布与风化厚度[Z].1963:12. JIA Ling-xi.Geophysical prospecting method applied in the study of fracture distribution and weathering degree of Yungan Grottoes [Z].1963:12.
[10]西安煤炭科学院地勘分院物探研究所.用地球物理法探测云冈岩石裂隙的技术报告[R].1988:11 Geophysical Institute of Xi'an Branch of Coal Sciences Academy. The report of geophysical inspecting methodused to investigate the cracks of Yungang Grotoes[R].1988:1 1.
[11]山西省地矿局216勘察处工程队.云冈石窟顶部电法勘察报告[R].1993:9. No.216 Geological Team of Shanxi Bureau of Geologv and Mineral Resources.Report of the electrical prospecting on the top of Yungung Grottoes[R].1993:9.
[12]中国建设综合勘察研究设计院.地球物理助察报告[R].2004: 3. China Institute of Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying.Report of geophysical prospecting melhod[R].2004:3.
[13]方云,黄继忠,晏鄂川,等.云冈石窟第9,10,12窟洞窟稳定性三维有限分析研究报告[R].2006:12. FANG Yun,HUANG Ji-zhong,et al.Three - dimensional analysis of the stability in Cave 5 and 6 of Yungang Grotoes[R].2006: 12.
[14]北京勘察技术工程公司.山西大同云冈石窟浅层地震反射波法勘察报告[R].2002:12 Beijing Reconnaissance Technology Engineering Company.Survey report of Yungang Grotoes by Shallow earthquake reflection wave [R].2002:12.
[15]任建光,黄继忠,李海.无损检测技术在石质文物保护中的应用[J].雁北师范学院学报,2006,(10):58-62. ??REN Jian - guang,HUANG Ji - zhong,LI Hai.The application of NDT in the conservation of stone relics[J].J Yanbei Normal Univ, 2006,(10):58-62.
[2]黄继忠.云冈石窟主要病害及治理[J].雁北师范学院学报, 2003,(10):57-59 HUANG Ji-zhong.Main damages and preservation of the Yungang Grottoes[J].J Yanbei Normal University,2003.(10):57 - 59.
[3]赵不忆,林茂炳.大同云冈石窟岩石风化调查报告[Z].1964 ZHAO Bu - yi.UN Mao -bing.The report on the weathering of Yungang Grotoes,Datong.Shanxi[Z].1964.
[4]黄继忠.水岩作用与云冈石窟风化病害机理研究[D].中国地质科学院博士论文,2005. HUANG Ji-zhong.The water - rock[D].PhD thesis,China Geological Academy,2005.
[5]钟世航,黄克忠.用物探技术探查乐山大佛内部状况[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(3):226-230. ZHONG Shi - hang,HUANG Ke - zhong.Using geophysical technolngy to explore great stone statue Buddha in Leshan[J].Chin J Eng Heophys,2004,1(3):226 - 230.
[6]马涛,孙渊,Simon S.乾陵石刻内部裂隙的超声波探测研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2002,4(2):9-20. MA Tao,SUN Yuan,Simon S.Studies on internal fissures and fractures of stone sculptures hy ultrasonic techniques[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol 2002,4(2 ):9-20.
[7]黄克忠,钟世航.云冈石窟石雕风化的微测深试验[J].文物保护和考古研究,1989,1(1):28-33. HUANG Ke - zhong,ZHONG Shi - huang.The microsounding experiment in the weathering of Yungang Grotoes[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol. 1989,1(1):28-33.
[8]方玉禹,夏鸿,欧宗豪,等.地球物理助探方法在云冈石窟的应用[Z].1965:1 FANG Yu -yu,XIA Hong,OU Zhun -hao,et al.Geophysical survey techniques used in Yungang Grottoes[Z].1965:1.
[9]贾苓希.应用地球物理勘探方法研究云冈石窟围岩裂隙分布与风化厚度[Z].1963:12. JIA Ling-xi.Geophysical prospecting method applied in the study of fracture distribution and weathering degree of Yungan Grottoes [Z].1963:12.
[10]西安煤炭科学院地勘分院物探研究所.用地球物理法探测云冈岩石裂隙的技术报告[R].1988:11 Geophysical Institute of Xi'an Branch of Coal Sciences Academy. The report of geophysical inspecting methodused to investigate the cracks of Yungang Grotoes[R].1988:1 1.
[11]山西省地矿局216勘察处工程队.云冈石窟顶部电法勘察报告[R].1993:9. No.216 Geological Team of Shanxi Bureau of Geologv and Mineral Resources.Report of the electrical prospecting on the top of Yungung Grottoes[R].1993:9.
[12]中国建设综合勘察研究设计院.地球物理助察报告[R].2004: 3. China Institute of Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying.Report of geophysical prospecting melhod[R].2004:3.
[13]方云,黄继忠,晏鄂川,等.云冈石窟第9,10,12窟洞窟稳定性三维有限分析研究报告[R].2006:12. FANG Yun,HUANG Ji-zhong,et al.Three - dimensional analysis of the stability in Cave 5 and 6 of Yungang Grotoes[R].2006: 12.
[14]北京勘察技术工程公司.山西大同云冈石窟浅层地震反射波法勘察报告[R].2002:12 Beijing Reconnaissance Technology Engineering Company.Survey report of Yungang Grotoes by Shallow earthquake reflection wave [R].2002:12.
[15]任建光,黄继忠,李海.无损检测技术在石质文物保护中的应用[J].雁北师范学院学报,2006,(10):58-62. ??REN Jian - guang,HUANG Ji - zhong,LI Hai.The application of NDT in the conservation of stone relics[J].J Yanbei Normal Univ, 2006,(10):58-62.
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