地震灾区河谷滑坡检测的遥感分析——以北川县滑坡为例
摘要
震区滑坡易堵塞河道形成高危型堰塞湖,一旦坝堤溃决,将释放巨大能量,造成严重的地震次生水灾。本文利用多源遥感数据,旨在研究一种检测河道滑坡的快速有效的方法,迅速判断出滑坡位置,为救援减灾提供重要信息。首先,对于灾前CBERS-02B星CCD数据,通过归一化水体指数(NDWI)来提取灾前水体信息主要为河道;由于灾后震区天气状况恶劣,故采用Radarsat-1SAR数据。利用水体在SAR影像上的特性,经过多次试验后使用阈值法来提取河道范围。再对两幅影像提取结果中的河道区域进行交集运算,检测出河道范围内的变化部分。通过上述方法提取的河道信息较为模糊、零散,这些模糊、零散并非都由滑坡堵塞河道造成,而是受噪声影响,在此对河道交集影像做膨胀处理,达到突出滑坡信息的目的,进而得以提取河道真实堵塞范围。最后进行人机交互判读,提取滑坡区域。实验以四川省北川县滑坡灾害为例,证明了本文方法的高效性与可靠性。
Landslides caused by earthquake are prone to block the river channels,leading to the formation of high-risk barrier lake.With the water line rising,these barrier lakes can be highly dangerous.Once the dam of the barrier lake bursts,it will release enormous energy and cause severe earthquake secondary flood disaster.In this paper,multi-source remote sensing data are employed to investigate a fast and effective way to detect landslides,which block the rivers,and quickly locate those disasters.As a result,this detection is able to provide critical information to people who in charge of rescuing sufferers and mitigating the disasters.First,adopting CCD data acquired from CBERS-02B as pre-disaster image,this research extracted river channel information by applying NDWI method,which is based on the difference between Green and NIR bands.Radarsat-1SAR data was used hired as post-disaster image for the reason that optic images are unable to work in the condition of bad weather.Due to its particular characteristic,the post-disaster river channel range extracting was conducted by using threshold method after several trails.Second,it operates intersection of these two extracting results to detect the changing sections of the channel.The river channel information obtained by generating the above procedure is vague and discontinuity.And these unexpected phenomena are not all brought by the landslides blockage.Meanwhile it results from speckles,which come from the data themselves.Subsequently,this research generated expansion algorithm to the river channel intersection,so that to weaken the speckle effect,and to manifest the characteristic of landslides.The last step is to identify the exact range of landslides via human-computer interacting interpretation.Landslides disaster happening in Beichuan County of Sichuan Province are used in this research to validate the effectiveness and reliability of the above methodology.
Landslides caused by earthquake are prone to block the river channels,leading to the formation of high-risk barrier lake.With the water line rising,these barrier lakes can be highly dangerous.Once the dam of the barrier lake bursts,it will release enormous energy and cause severe earthquake secondary flood disaster.In this paper,multi-source remote sensing data are employed to investigate a fast and effective way to detect landslides,which block the rivers,and quickly locate those disasters.As a result,this detection is able to provide critical information to people who in charge of rescuing sufferers and mitigating the disasters.First,adopting CCD data acquired from CBERS-02B as pre-disaster image,this research extracted river channel information by applying NDWI method,which is based on the difference between Green and NIR bands.Radarsat-1SAR data was used hired as post-disaster image for the reason that optic images are unable to work in the condition of bad weather.Due to its particular characteristic,the post-disaster river channel range extracting was conducted by using threshold method after several trails.Second,it operates intersection of these two extracting results to detect the changing sections of the channel.The river channel information obtained by generating the above procedure is vague and discontinuity.And these unexpected phenomena are not all brought by the landslides blockage.Meanwhile it results from speckles,which come from the data themselves.Subsequently,this research generated expansion algorithm to the river channel intersection,so that to weaken the speckle effect,and to manifest the characteristic of landslides.The last step is to identify the exact range of landslides via human-computer interacting interpretation.Landslides disaster happening in Beichuan County of Sichuan Province are used in this research to validate the effectiveness and reliability of the above methodology.
引文
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[2]马贵生,罗小杰.唐家山滑坡形成机制与堰塞坝工程地质特征[J].人民长江,2008,22(39):46-47.
[3]刘东.滑坡地质灾害监测方法综述[J].采矿技术,2009,3(9):63-64.
[4]张建永.滑坡研究现状综述[J].中国岩溶,1999,18(3):280-283.
[5]王治华.滑坡遥感调查、监测与评估[J].国土资源遥感,2007(1):10-15.
[6]杨日红,王治华,贾韶辉,等.数字遥感技术在宣汉县天台乡滑坡研究中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(3):558-562.
[7]王治华.中国滑坡遥感[J].国土资源遥感,2005(1):1-7.
[8]石菊松,吴树仁,石玲.遥感在滑坡灾害研究中的应用进展[J].地质评论,2008,54(4):505-512.
[9]程思思,甘甫平,刘钦甫.CBERS-2B星数据在“5.12”地震滑坡调查中的应用——以唐家山至北川县城堵江河道滑坡为例[J].国土资源遥感,2009(1):95.
[10]王冬梅,李雪萍,袁建东.一种新的基于PCA变换多源遥感影像像素级融合方法[J].海洋测绘,2009,30(1):44.
[11]刘西川,艾未华,高太长,等.基于小波包变换与自适应阈值的SAR图像去噪[J].遥感技术与应用,2009,24(2):147-148.
[12]方圣辉,舒宁,巫兆聪.SAR影像去噪声方法的研究[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998,23(3):215-216.
[13]聂高众,高建国,邓砚.地震诱发的堰塞湖初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(3):293-295.
[14]李文波,于春颖,张秋文,等.基于归一化水体指数的水域面积估算研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(2):11-12.
[15]杨露菁,王德石,李煜.SAR图像阴影区域分割技术及其评估准则[J].海军工程大学学报,2009,21(3):79-80.
[16]宋建社,郑永安,袁礼海.合成孔径雷达图像理解与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:23-25.
[17]冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理[M].阮秋奇,译.2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:176-183.
[18]石菊松,吴树仁,石玲.遥感在滑坡灾害研究中的应用进展[J].地质评论,2008,54(4):505-514.
[19]崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].科技赈灾,2008,23(4):317-323.
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