复杂地区地震资料低信噪比的原因及对策(三)——表层散射波压制的技术方法
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摘要
在对散射波的形成机制、性质、形态特征以及对记录信噪比的影响进行深入分析、归纳的基础上,对散射波的压制提出了相对全面的、可操作性强的实用方法。研究表明:散射源分布的三维性导致了散射干扰的普遍性和横向干扰的严重性;地形地势与散射强度有密切关系;激发条件和接收条件两者都很重要,很多条件下改善接收技术应作为首选方法;改善复杂地区资料信噪比是一项系统工程,包括对接收条件的重要性认识和全过程若干技术措施的采取。同时还认为:所归纳的"九避九就"较全面地体现了"避强就弱(散射波)"的基本思想,可作为测线位置设计的基本原则,同样可作为激发、接收点(特别是激发点)选择的基本技术原则;低信噪比地区资料采集应考虑技术的综合性;加大检波器横向面积组合规模是基本有效技术,应作为首选方法。这些认识与方法技术对提高复杂地区资料信噪比具有指导作用和实用意义。
Some practical methods for scattered wave suppression are presented based on the detailed analysis of causes,properties and geometrical characteristics of scattered waves as well as influential factors of signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of seismic data.The three dimensional nature of source distribution of scattered waves determines the universality of scattered wave interference and the severity of horizontal interference.The scattering strength is closely related to topography and morphology.Both shooting and receiving conditions are equally important and the priority should be given to the technologies for improving receiving conditions in many cases.The improvement of SNR of seismic data in complex areas is a systematic process including the understanding of the importance of receiving conditions and the implementation of corresponding technical measures.Some basic principles are proposed for seismic line emplacement and the selection of shooting and receiving points.Integrated techniques should be applied to seismic acquisition in complex areas where SNR is low.Enlarging area-array of receivers is an effective technique to which priority should be given.These understandings and methods are of great significance to the improvement of SNR of seismic data in complex areas.
Some practical methods for scattered wave suppression are presented based on the detailed analysis of causes,properties and geometrical characteristics of scattered waves as well as influential factors of signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of seismic data.The three dimensional nature of source distribution of scattered waves determines the universality of scattered wave interference and the severity of horizontal interference.The scattering strength is closely related to topography and morphology.Both shooting and receiving conditions are equally important and the priority should be given to the technologies for improving receiving conditions in many cases.The improvement of SNR of seismic data in complex areas is a systematic process including the understanding of the importance of receiving conditions and the implementation of corresponding technical measures.Some basic principles are proposed for seismic line emplacement and the selection of shooting and receiving points.Integrated techniques should be applied to seismic acquisition in complex areas where SNR is low.Enlarging area-array of receivers is an effective technique to which priority should be given.These understandings and methods are of great significance to the improvement of SNR of seismic data in complex areas.
引文
[1]吴希光,李亚林,张孟,等.复杂地区地震资料低信噪比的原因及对策(一)——表层散射波是导致地震资料低信噪比的根本原因[J].天然气工业,2012,32(1):27-32.
[2]吴希光,李志荣,李正佳,等.复杂地区地震资料低信噪比的原因及对策(二)——表层散射波的基本性质及形态特征[J].天然气工业,2012,32(2):38-42.
[3]石玉成、王兰民,林学文.黄土场地的爆破地震振动效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1933-1938.
[4]杨志超,吴希光.复杂地区地震资料采集方法研究[R].成都:川庆钻探工程公司地球物理勘探公司,2010.
[2]吴希光,李志荣,李正佳,等.复杂地区地震资料低信噪比的原因及对策(二)——表层散射波的基本性质及形态特征[J].天然气工业,2012,32(2):38-42.
[3]石玉成、王兰民,林学文.黄土场地的爆破地震振动效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1933-1938.
[4]杨志超,吴希光.复杂地区地震资料采集方法研究[R].成都:川庆钻探工程公司地球物理勘探公司,2010.
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