苏州地下空间开发地质环境因素的分析评价
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摘要
城市地质环境的诸多脆弱敏感因素成为地下空间开发的关键制约条件。对苏州地下空间开发的关键地质环境要素进行评价,对于指导城市地质调查及地下工程建设具有重要的现实价值。以地形地貌、建筑场地类别、不良岩土体条件、水文地质特征、地震地质灾害等5个方面为评价的主题层,运用层次分析法(AHP)、专家调查法确定各指标因素的权重,基于目标线性加权函数建立评估模型,并对评估结果进行分级统计。由于地质环境要素具有空间变异性,故本研究对苏州地下空间开发深度的浅层(0～15m)、次浅层(15～30m)分别进行评价。结果表明:西部基岩山区(除去地质灾害发育区)地下空间开发的地质环境状况最好;东部平原区湖泊水系发育,软土层分布较厚,水文地质条件复杂,地下空间开发的地质环境状况相对较差。
Identification of the key geo-environmental constraining factors on underground space,as well as the evaluation on geo-environment is very important to unban geological survey and underground construction in Suzhou.In this study,topography,types of construction sites,unfavorable geotechnical conditions,hydro-geological characteristics and earthquake geological hazards are considered as the main indexes of thematic layer in geo-environmental evaluation.Furthermore,both the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)and expert questionnaires survey methods are utilized to calculate the weights of evaluation indexes.At last,the mathematical evaluation model is established by massive aim linear weight function method and the evaluation results can be statistic in classified levels.Due to the existence of spatial variability of geo-environmental factors,the underground space exploration from the depth of 0-15m and 15-30m are respectively evaluated.It is indicated from the comprehensive evaluation result that: bedrock mountain area in the west is suitable for underground exploration,but it does not include the area where serious geological disasters frequently take place.In contrast,there is a relatively low quality in the eastern plain area,because there is a wide distribution of water system,lakes,rivers,thick soft soil and complex hydro-geological conditions.
Identification of the key geo-environmental constraining factors on underground space,as well as the evaluation on geo-environment is very important to unban geological survey and underground construction in Suzhou.In this study,topography,types of construction sites,unfavorable geotechnical conditions,hydro-geological characteristics and earthquake geological hazards are considered as the main indexes of thematic layer in geo-environmental evaluation.Furthermore,both the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)and expert questionnaires survey methods are utilized to calculate the weights of evaluation indexes.At last,the mathematical evaluation model is established by massive aim linear weight function method and the evaluation results can be statistic in classified levels.Due to the existence of spatial variability of geo-environmental factors,the underground space exploration from the depth of 0-15m and 15-30m are respectively evaluated.It is indicated from the comprehensive evaluation result that: bedrock mountain area in the west is suitable for underground exploration,but it does not include the area where serious geological disasters frequently take place.In contrast,there is a relatively low quality in the eastern plain area,because there is a wide distribution of water system,lakes,rivers,thick soft soil and complex hydro-geological conditions.
引文
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[19]郭建民,祝文君.基于层次分析法的地下空间资源潜在价值评估[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(5):655-659,664.Guo J M,Zhu W J.Potential value evaluation of un-derground space resource based on AHP method[J].Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(5):655-659,664.
[20]王应明,徐南荣.群体判断矩阵及其权向量的最优传递矩阵求法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1991,11(4):70-74.Wang Y M,Xu N R.The optimal transitive matrixmethod of group comparison matrices and weight vec-tors[J].System Engineering-Theory&Practice,1991,11(4):70-74.
[2]Zhao J,lee K W.Construction and utilization of rockcaverns in Singapore,part C:planning and location se-lection[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Tech-nology,1996,11(1):81-84.
[3]Ronka K,Ritila J,Rarhala K.Underground space inland use planning[J].Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,1998,13(1):39-49.
[4]Edelenbos J,Monnikhof R,Hassnoot J,et al.Strate-gic study on the utilization of underground space in theNetherlands[J].Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,1998,13(2):159-165.
[5]de Rienzo F,Oreste P,Pelizza S.3DGIS supportingunderground urbanisation in the city of Turin[C]∥11thACUUS International Conference-underground Space:Expanding the Frontiers.Greek:The Associated Re-search Centers for Urban Underground Space,2007.397-402.
[6]祝文君.北京旧城区浅层地下空间资源调查与利用研究[D].北京:清华大学,1992.Zhu W J.Research on old towns shallow undergroundspace resources investigation and utilization in Beijing[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1992.
[7]潘丽珍,李传斌,祝文君.青岛市城市地下空间开发利用规划研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(7):1093-1099.Pan L Zh,Li Ch B,Zhu W J.Underground space ex-ploitation planning of Qingdao City[J].UndergroundSpace and Engineering,2006,2(7):1093-1099.
[8]童林旭,祝文君.城市地下空间资源评估与开发利用规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Tong L X,Zhu W J.The Evaluation and DevelopingPlanning of Underground Space Resources[M].Bei-jing:China Architectural&Building Press,2009.
[9]浦伟庆.城市地下空间防洪与对策研究[J].水运工程,2008,420(10):223-229.Pu W Q.Flood prevention and countermeasures forurban underground space[J].Port&Water Engineer-ing,2008,420(10):223-229.
[10]李定成,毕涵,田晨.苏州市中心区防汛工作若干问题的探讨[J].城市道桥与防洪,2004,9(5):69-71.Li D Ch,Bi H,Tian Ch.Approach to some problemsin flood control work in central district of Suzhou City[J].Urban Roads Bridges&Flood Control,2004,9(5):69-71.
[11]严学新,方正,曾正强,等.上海地下空间开发环境地质问题分析[J].上海地质,2004,(1):1-5.Yan X X,Fang Zh,Zeng Zh Q,et al.Analysis on en-vironmental geological problems in developing under-ground space[J].Shanghai Geology,2004,(1):1-5.
[12]童林旭.地下建筑学[M].济南:山东科技技术出版社,1994.Tong L X.Underground Architecture[M].Jinan:Shangdong Science&Technology Press,1994.
[13]彭建,柳昆,郑付涛,等.基于AHP的地下空间开发利用适宜性评价[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(4):688-694.Peng J,Liu K,Zheng F T,et al.Evaluation for thesuitability of underground space exploitation and utili-zation based on AHP[J].Underground Space and En-gineering,2010,6(4):688-694.
[14]GB50011-2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[15]李晓昭,罗国煜,龚洪祥,等.土体工程地质层组的划分[J].岩土力学,2004,25(5):759-763.Li X Zh,Luo G Y,Gong H X,et al.The division ofengineering geological strata groups of soil mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(5):759-763.
[16]曹亮,李晓昭,赵晓豹,等.苏州软弱敏感层的土体微观结构定量分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(3):419-426.Cao L,Li X Zh,Zhao X B,et al.Experimental andquantitative study on micro-structure of weak-sensitivestrata in Suzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Geological En-gineering,2012,20(3):419-426.
[17]孔军,赵超阳.AHP方法在地下空间合理开发项目上的应用[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,1994,9(4):27-34.Kong J,Zhao Ch Y.Application of AHP method toproject of rational developing underground[J].Journalof Shandong Architectural and Civil Engineering Insti-tute,1994,9(4):27-34.
[18]Ramanathan R.A note on the use of the analytic hier-archy process for environmental impact assessment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2001,63(1):27-35.
[19]郭建民,祝文君.基于层次分析法的地下空间资源潜在价值评估[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(5):655-659,664.Guo J M,Zhu W J.Potential value evaluation of un-derground space resource based on AHP method[J].Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(5):655-659,664.
[20]王应明,徐南荣.群体判断矩阵及其权向量的最优传递矩阵求法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1991,11(4):70-74.Wang Y M,Xu N R.The optimal transitive matrixmethod of group comparison matrices and weight vec-tors[J].System Engineering-Theory&Practice,1991,11(4):70-74.
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