四川地质灾害背景下世界遗产保护与可持续发展研究
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摘要
近几年全球自然灾害频发,特别是地震等地质灾害,不仅破坏力强,且常常引发严重的次生灾害。四川省是我国著名的地质灾害多发区,尤其2008年的"5.12"大地震及此后频发的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害,给环境和人民生命财产带来巨大伤害,也使其境内的5项世界遗产遭到不同程度的破坏。根据四川省地质灾害发生时间集中、连锁反应大、成灾模式清楚的特点,依托地学原理,在前人的研究基础上采用逻辑回归模型,定量分析灾害发生频率,并建议采用模糊综合评价法对遗产地的潜在威胁进行对比分析。此外,根据震后灾害的特点和遗产保护及修复的经验,提出遗产地管理的几点建议,试图为地质灾害多发区遗产地保护和管理提供理论和实践依据。
In recent years,natural disasters occur frequently all around the world.Especially earthquakes not only are destructive but also lead to serious secondary disasters.Sichuan Province is a well-known geological disaster area in China.On May 12th,2008,an earthquake struck Wenchuan area followed by avalanches,landslides and debris flows,threatening the very existence of the 5 World Heritage sites,designated by UNESCO,and reducing them to a vulnerable state.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the geological disasters such as short duration,strong chain reactions,clear patterns,etc.Based on geological principles and methods and on previous research results the paper introduces the logistic regression model to do quantitative analysis of disasters frequency.Also via the application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the potential damages and threats will be evaluated and analyzed together with heritage restoration and protective experience,attempting to provide theoretical and practical basis for heritage conservation and management of geological disaster areas.
In recent years,natural disasters occur frequently all around the world.Especially earthquakes not only are destructive but also lead to serious secondary disasters.Sichuan Province is a well-known geological disaster area in China.On May 12th,2008,an earthquake struck Wenchuan area followed by avalanches,landslides and debris flows,threatening the very existence of the 5 World Heritage sites,designated by UNESCO,and reducing them to a vulnerable state.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the geological disasters such as short duration,strong chain reactions,clear patterns,etc.Based on geological principles and methods and on previous research results the paper introduces the logistic regression model to do quantitative analysis of disasters frequency.Also via the application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the potential damages and threats will be evaluated and analyzed together with heritage restoration and protective experience,attempting to provide theoretical and practical basis for heritage conservation and management of geological disaster areas.
引文
[1]孙克勤.世界遗产学[M].北京:旅游教育出版社,2008
[2]陈运泰.汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度[J].科技导报,2008,26(10):26-27
[3]徐锡伟.5.12汶川8.0级地震地表破裂图集[M].北京:地震出版社,2009
[4]孙克勤.四川汶川地震灾后世界遗产保护与旅游重建[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2008,(9):1-5
[5]孙克勤.中国的世界遗产存在的问题及对策[J].可持续发展,2011,1(1):6-13
[6]Alexakis D,Sarris A.Environmental and human risk assessment ofthe prehistoric and historic archaeological sites of Western Crete(Greece)with the use of GIS,remote sensing,fuzzy logic andneural networks[C]//Proceeding EuroMed'10 Proceedings of theThird international conference on Digital heritage.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,2010
[7]Banno A,Masuda T,Oishi T,et al.Flying laser range sensor forlarge-scale site-modeling and its applications in Bayon digitalarchival project[J].International Journal of Computer Vision,2008,78(2-3):207-222
[8]Saha A K,Gupta R P,Sarkar I,et al.An approach for GIS-basedstatistical landslide susceptibility zonation:with a case study in theHimalayas[J].Landslides,2005,2(1):61-69
[9]YU Hui,ZHAO Yongtao,MA Yuewei,et al.A remote sensing-based analysis on the impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on the corevalue of world nature heritage Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary[J].Journal of Mountain Science.2011,8(3):458-465
[10]Chapman H,Adcock J,Gater J.An approach to mapping buriedprehistoric paleosols of the Atlantic seaboard in Northwest Europeusing GPR,geoarchaeology and GIS and the implications forheritage management[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2009,(36)10:2308-2313
[11]郑巨欣,陈峰.文化遗产保护的数字化展示与传播[M].北京:学苑出版社,2011
[12]周明全,耿国华,武仲科.文化遗产数字化保护技术及应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011
[13]高庆华,马宗晋,张业成,等.自然灾害评估[M].北京:气象出版社,2007
[14]刘传正,刘艳辉,温铭生,等.中国地质灾害区域预警方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2009
[15]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009
[16]马平均,龙万学,孔纪名.基于模糊综合评价的地质灾害危险性分区[J].贵州工业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,36(6):70-74
[17]丁军,朱静,王磊,等.5.12汶川地震灾区茂县地质灾害危险性评价[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):12-17
[18]WU Juanjuan,YI Qinglin,LEI Bao,et al.On study of landsidedisaster risk assessment applying fuzzy comprehensive evaluationmethod[J].Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering,2012,112:269-276
[19]胡焕校,张立明.三峡库区地质灾害易损性模糊综合评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2008,19(2):57-61
[20]范文静,陈玲玲,霍斯佳,等.中国建筑遗产保护与可持续发展研究[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2011,21(s1):251-254
[21]刘世锦.中国文化遗产事业发展报告(2010)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010
[22]范文静,孙克勤.世界文化遗产北京故宫的保护与可持续发展研究[J].可持续发展,2012,2(1):41-47
[23]Shimizu S.Research report on international cooperation in therecovery process of disaster-affected cultural heritage[R].Tokyo:Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in CulturalHeritage,2010
[2]陈运泰.汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度[J].科技导报,2008,26(10):26-27
[3]徐锡伟.5.12汶川8.0级地震地表破裂图集[M].北京:地震出版社,2009
[4]孙克勤.四川汶川地震灾后世界遗产保护与旅游重建[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2008,(9):1-5
[5]孙克勤.中国的世界遗产存在的问题及对策[J].可持续发展,2011,1(1):6-13
[6]Alexakis D,Sarris A.Environmental and human risk assessment ofthe prehistoric and historic archaeological sites of Western Crete(Greece)with the use of GIS,remote sensing,fuzzy logic andneural networks[C]//Proceeding EuroMed'10 Proceedings of theThird international conference on Digital heritage.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,2010
[7]Banno A,Masuda T,Oishi T,et al.Flying laser range sensor forlarge-scale site-modeling and its applications in Bayon digitalarchival project[J].International Journal of Computer Vision,2008,78(2-3):207-222
[8]Saha A K,Gupta R P,Sarkar I,et al.An approach for GIS-basedstatistical landslide susceptibility zonation:with a case study in theHimalayas[J].Landslides,2005,2(1):61-69
[9]YU Hui,ZHAO Yongtao,MA Yuewei,et al.A remote sensing-based analysis on the impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on the corevalue of world nature heritage Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary[J].Journal of Mountain Science.2011,8(3):458-465
[10]Chapman H,Adcock J,Gater J.An approach to mapping buriedprehistoric paleosols of the Atlantic seaboard in Northwest Europeusing GPR,geoarchaeology and GIS and the implications forheritage management[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2009,(36)10:2308-2313
[11]郑巨欣,陈峰.文化遗产保护的数字化展示与传播[M].北京:学苑出版社,2011
[12]周明全,耿国华,武仲科.文化遗产数字化保护技术及应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011
[13]高庆华,马宗晋,张业成,等.自然灾害评估[M].北京:气象出版社,2007
[14]刘传正,刘艳辉,温铭生,等.中国地质灾害区域预警方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2009
[15]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009
[16]马平均,龙万学,孔纪名.基于模糊综合评价的地质灾害危险性分区[J].贵州工业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,36(6):70-74
[17]丁军,朱静,王磊,等.5.12汶川地震灾区茂县地质灾害危险性评价[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):12-17
[18]WU Juanjuan,YI Qinglin,LEI Bao,et al.On study of landsidedisaster risk assessment applying fuzzy comprehensive evaluationmethod[J].Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering,2012,112:269-276
[19]胡焕校,张立明.三峡库区地质灾害易损性模糊综合评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2008,19(2):57-61
[20]范文静,陈玲玲,霍斯佳,等.中国建筑遗产保护与可持续发展研究[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2011,21(s1):251-254
[21]刘世锦.中国文化遗产事业发展报告(2010)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010
[22]范文静,孙克勤.世界文化遗产北京故宫的保护与可持续发展研究[J].可持续发展,2012,2(1):41-47
[23]Shimizu S.Research report on international cooperation in therecovery process of disaster-affected cultural heritage[R].Tokyo:Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in CulturalHeritage,2010
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