喀什地区自然灾害时空分布特征及防灾对策研究
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摘要
文章通过对喀什地区1949-2010年自然灾害的各项数据统计分析,该地区发生比较频繁的自然灾害为洪灾、地震灾害、风灾及雹灾。从年际分布规律来看,在各主要自然灾害的发生频次总体上呈现局部时间段波动增长趋势并且灾次的频发期具有周期性变化的特点。从年内分布规律来看,灾害频发期主要出现在春季和夏季。从空间分布规律来看,灾害次数具有明显的区域性,从空间分布规律上主要呈现条带状或块状的分布格局。从行政区划分来看,喀什地区有4个自然灾害频发区,分别是伽师县,叶城县,莎车县和塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县。总体分布特点为,山区多,山区与盆地交界地带多,盆地内部较少;盆地北部为自然灾害频次最为集中,呈现出北多南少,西多东少的基本格局。提出了建立自然灾害预报与警报系统,对灾害进行预测,预报、建立健全法律法规,宣传预防灾害知识,规范人类活动、加大防灾抗灾设施的建设投入,建成完备的防治工程体系、加大灾害多发区灾害保险工作,尽量减少人民的经济损失等防灾对策。
Through the kashi area 1949-2010years of natural disasters of statistical analysis,the results show that the area of natural disasters to flood,earthquake,wind and hail damage occur more frequently.In the annual distribution,the main natural disasters occurrence frequency in general are local time fluctuation trend and disaster time and frequent period has the characteristics of the periodic changes.In the years distribution,disasters period more appear in the spring,the summer season.In the space distribution,for the performance of the disaster frequency has obvious regional,mainly in the space is banded or block the distribution pattern.From the administrative division,the kashi area has four natural disasters area,it is respectively GaShi county,YeCheng county,ShaChe county and tashikuergan tajik autonomous counties.The distribution features are:mountain,mountain and basin border zone,basin internal less;Disaster frequency to northern basin is the most concentrated,show more than the north south,east west less than less basic pattern.Puts forward the natural disaster forecast and warning system,disaster forecast,forecast,establish and perfect the laws and regulations,and publicity and prevention disaster knowledge,regulating human activities,increase the disaster prevention disaster relief facilities construction investment,built a complete control engineering system,increase the prewarning disaster casualty insurance work,try to reduce the loss of people's economic disaster prevention countermeasures.
Through the kashi area 1949-2010years of natural disasters of statistical analysis,the results show that the area of natural disasters to flood,earthquake,wind and hail damage occur more frequently.In the annual distribution,the main natural disasters occurrence frequency in general are local time fluctuation trend and disaster time and frequent period has the characteristics of the periodic changes.In the years distribution,disasters period more appear in the spring,the summer season.In the space distribution,for the performance of the disaster frequency has obvious regional,mainly in the space is banded or block the distribution pattern.From the administrative division,the kashi area has four natural disasters area,it is respectively GaShi county,YeCheng county,ShaChe county and tashikuergan tajik autonomous counties.The distribution features are:mountain,mountain and basin border zone,basin internal less;Disaster frequency to northern basin is the most concentrated,show more than the north south,east west less than less basic pattern.Puts forward the natural disaster forecast and warning system,disaster forecast,forecast,establish and perfect the laws and regulations,and publicity and prevention disaster knowledge,regulating human activities,increase the disaster prevention disaster relief facilities construction investment,built a complete control engineering system,increase the prewarning disaster casualty insurance work,try to reduce the loss of people's economic disaster prevention countermeasures.
引文
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[3]刘嘉麒,秦小光.塔里木盆地的环境格局与绿洲演化[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(5):533-539.
[4]石勇,许世远,石纯,等.自然灾害脆弱性研究进展[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(2):131-137.
[5]刘彤,闫天池.气象灾害损失与区域差异的实证分析[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(1):84-91.
[6]刘星.新疆灾荒史[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1999:1-26.
[7]新疆减灾四十年编委会.新疆减灾四十年[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:1-8.
[8]新疆自然灾害研究课题组.新疆自然灾害研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1994:1-32.
[9]西北内陆河区水旱灾害编委会.西北内陆河区水旱灾害[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1999:1-4.
[10]黄崇.自然灾害基本定义的探讨[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):41-50.
[11]马禹,王旭,赵兵科,等.新疆冰雹的时空统计特征[J].新疆气象,2002,25(1):4-5.
[12]陈洪武,马禹,王旭,等.新疆冰雹天气的气候特征分析[J].气象,2003,29(11):25-28.
[13]张国威,何文勤,商思臣.我国干旱区洪水灾害基本特征-以新疆为例[J].干旱区地理,1998,21(1):40-48.
[14]李耀辉,张存杰,高学杰.西北地区大风日数的时空分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(6):715-723.
[15]赵红岩,宁慧芳,徐金芳,等.西北地区冰雹时空分布特征[J].干旱气象,2005,23(4):37-40.
[16]王雨增,李凤声,伏传林.人工防雹实用技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1994:11-16.
[17]吴友均,师庆东,常顺利.1961-2008年新疆地区旱涝时空分布特征[J].高原气象,2011,30(2):391-396.
[18]王秋香,任宜勇,张静,等.新疆近53年洪灾研究[J].新疆气象,2006,29(6):1-3.
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