汶川桃关震区生态景观格局时空变化分析与生态地质环境评价
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摘要
"5.12"汶川地震震区主要位于川西高山峡谷区,本身就较脆弱的生态地质环境受到重创。而生态地质环境是人类社会可持续发展的基础之一,正确评价生态地质环境的质量及其对生态景观格局的效应,是制定和规划灾后重建的重要依据。从以往研究来看,借助于遥感与GIS技术对高山峡谷山区生态地质环境及生态景观格局时空效应进行全面而定量的研究较少,尤其是应用高空间分辨率卫星遥感图像和航空图像进行地震灾区前后对比分析的尚未见到。本文以汶川县桃关地区为例,应用遥感与GIS技术,探讨了生态景观格局时空变化研究方法和生态地质环境评价思路,基于高精度卫片/航片以及震后地形图等资料,提取了桃关地区景观时空分布信息和生态地质环境因子,分析了生态景观格局时空变化效应,并采用"加权指数求和法"评价模型对生态地质环境进行综合运算,得到地震前后生态地质环境评价等级图及受损区域分布图。最后,从生态地质环境和生态景观两方面准确地对震区地质生态脆弱性进行了评估,为山区居民经济发展和居住地址的合理规划提供有力的理论依据。
Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the area which is full of high mountain and deep valley in west Sichuan,as a result the weak ecology geological environment is heavily destroyed.Eco-geological environment is one of the foundations to sustainable development for human,and the well evaluation for the eco-geological environment and its impact on the quality of the ecological effects of landscape pattern is an important basis for post-quake restoration and reconstruction.Some work has been done and some achievement has been gained by predecessors.However,there are few comprehensive and quantitative studies on eco-geological environment and tempo-spatial change of ecological landscape pattern in mountain-valley areas by the technology of remote sensing and GIS,and especially,the comparison analysis of earthquake areas before and after the disaster using high space resolution satellite remote images and aviation images has not yet been found in scientific journal.This paper proposed the ideas how to evaluate the eco-geological environment and the methods how to research tempo-spatial change of ecological landscape pattern by RS and GIS in the Taoguan of Wenchuan county,and also extracted the eco-geological factors and the information about the tempo-spatial distribution of landscape based on high space resolution satellite remote sensed images,aviation images,topographic map after the earthquake.Above all,this paper analyzed the ecological effects that caused by tempo-spatial change of landscape pattern,and set up the model of weighted integrated index method to calculate the integrated index of eco-geological environment.Based on the evaluation criteria,co-geological environment rank maps and damages distributing maps were made before and after the earthquake.At last,the paper evaluated the geo-ecological fragility based on the co-geological environment and the ecological landscape,which provided a strong theoretical basis for the people inhabitation location and economic development.
Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the area which is full of high mountain and deep valley in west Sichuan,as a result the weak ecology geological environment is heavily destroyed.Eco-geological environment is one of the foundations to sustainable development for human,and the well evaluation for the eco-geological environment and its impact on the quality of the ecological effects of landscape pattern is an important basis for post-quake restoration and reconstruction.Some work has been done and some achievement has been gained by predecessors.However,there are few comprehensive and quantitative studies on eco-geological environment and tempo-spatial change of ecological landscape pattern in mountain-valley areas by the technology of remote sensing and GIS,and especially,the comparison analysis of earthquake areas before and after the disaster using high space resolution satellite remote images and aviation images has not yet been found in scientific journal.This paper proposed the ideas how to evaluate the eco-geological environment and the methods how to research tempo-spatial change of ecological landscape pattern by RS and GIS in the Taoguan of Wenchuan county,and also extracted the eco-geological factors and the information about the tempo-spatial distribution of landscape based on high space resolution satellite remote sensed images,aviation images,topographic map after the earthquake.Above all,this paper analyzed the ecological effects that caused by tempo-spatial change of landscape pattern,and set up the model of weighted integrated index method to calculate the integrated index of eco-geological environment.Based on the evaluation criteria,co-geological environment rank maps and damages distributing maps were made before and after the earthquake.At last,the paper evaluated the geo-ecological fragility based on the co-geological environment and the ecological landscape,which provided a strong theoretical basis for the people inhabitation location and economic development.
引文
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[2]黄润秋.生态环境地质的基本特点与技术支撑[J].中国地质,2001,28(1):20-24.
[3]黄润秋,许向宁,唐川,等.地质环境评价与地质灾害管理[M].科学出版社,2008.
[4]黄润秋,向喜琼,巨能攀,等.我国区域地质灾害评价的现状及问题[J].地质通报,2004,23(11):1078-1082.
[5]刘传正,刘艳辉.地质灾害区域预警原理与显式预警系统设计研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,(6):109-125.
[6]刘传正.区域滑坡泥石流灾害预警理论与方法研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2004,31(3):1-6.
[7]刘传正,刘艳辉,连建发,等.三峡库区巴东复杂斜坡区工程地质环境质量研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,(5):1-8.
[8]李国和,王思敬,孙承志.金沙江水电开发区域工程地质环境综合评价[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2001,26(3):309-313.
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