城市震害单元化应急管理研究
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摘要
城市震害应急救助实践表明,灾害现场及时的自救互救是大多数地震灾幸存者得以生还的主要途径,是减少震后人员伤亡的关键因素.然而,尽管目前我国的地震应急管理体系建设已相对较为完整,但主要是政府主导的宏观应急模式,存在应急预案微观社区层面可操作性弱的问题,同时在提升灾民现场自救互救意识和能力方面现有应急管理也显不足.因此,针对上述客观实践和管理需求,本文在国内外地震应急管理相关研究的基础上,提出了城市震害单元化应急管理的概念,阐述了应急管理基本单元和应急救助基本单元概念,并探讨了应急管理基本单元的划分原则,相关研究有助于充分发挥微观社区公众的广泛参与性,有助于应急管理工作的规范化、高效化和可操作化,从而可以实现以震后灾民自身为主体的微观应急与政府宏观应急一体化的应急救助管理模式.
Immediate self-aid and mutual-aid between victims on the scene of earthquake is the main way for most of them to survive.However,mainly focusing on the macro-response,current earthquake emergency system of China has difficulties in timely post-earthquake micro-response operation and disadvantages in improving citizens'awareness of self-aid and mutual-aid against disasters.So we proposed the concepts of unitized emergency management,basic emergency management unit and basic emergency aid unit for urban seismic disaster,explored simply principles of zoning basic emergency management unit and demonstrated our idea by a virtual case.This idea can raise citizens'participation consciousness and standardization,efficiency and operability of emergency management and make it possible to established a citizen-dominate and government-leading integrative emergency management mode.
Immediate self-aid and mutual-aid between victims on the scene of earthquake is the main way for most of them to survive.However,mainly focusing on the macro-response,current earthquake emergency system of China has difficulties in timely post-earthquake micro-response operation and disadvantages in improving citizens'awareness of self-aid and mutual-aid against disasters.So we proposed the concepts of unitized emergency management,basic emergency management unit and basic emergency aid unit for urban seismic disaster,explored simply principles of zoning basic emergency management unit and demonstrated our idea by a virtual case.This idea can raise citizens'participation consciousness and standardization,efficiency and operability of emergency management and make it possible to established a citizen-dominate and government-leading integrative emergency management mode.
引文
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