汶川8.0级地震与苏门签腊8.7级地震井水温度同震响应特征分析
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摘要
基于中国大陆地下流体台网井水温度数字化观测数据,本文对比分析了2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震与2004年12月26日印度尼西亚苏门答腊8.7级地震引起的水温同震响应特征。结果表明,地震能引起井水温度发生同震响应,而井水温度同震响应特征可能主要与井孔本身的水文地质条件和区域构造环境有关。同时,根据水位同震响应资料和前人的研究结果,本文对水温同震响应的机理进行了探讨,认为在地震波动力加载作用下,井-含水层系统原有状态发生改变,很多因素可以引起井水温度发生变化,例如井孔垂直方向上因对流和水动力弥散引起的温度变化、井-含水层系统水平方向上水流状态改变引起的温度变化、井孔水由于气泡脱逸引起的温度变化、井孔水与井壁及水温探头摩擦引起的温度变化等,因而,合理考虑以上因素,才能有效分析井水温度同震响应的机理。
Based on the well water temperature data of the underground fluid observation network in mainland of China,the authors analyze the characteristics of coseismic changes of water temperature caused by Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake and Sumatra M8.7 earthquake.The results show that earthquakes can cause changes of well water temperature,and the characteristics of the changes may be mainly related with the wells' hydro-geological conditions,local geological structures and tectonic environments.Meanwhile,based on the results of previous and present studies,the authors analyze the mechanisms of coseismic changes of water temperature.It is considered that under the dynamic loading of seismic wave,the original state of the well-aquifer system is changed,and a number of factors can cause well water temperature to change,including convection and hydrodynamic dispersion in the vertical direction of the wells,flow state changes in the horizontal direction of the well-system,gas escape from the well water and frictions between the well water,temperature probe and well inner surface and so on.Therefore,in order to effectively analyze the mechanisms of coseismic changes of water temperature,it is reasonable to consider all these factors.
Based on the well water temperature data of the underground fluid observation network in mainland of China,the authors analyze the characteristics of coseismic changes of water temperature caused by Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake and Sumatra M8.7 earthquake.The results show that earthquakes can cause changes of well water temperature,and the characteristics of the changes may be mainly related with the wells' hydro-geological conditions,local geological structures and tectonic environments.Meanwhile,based on the results of previous and present studies,the authors analyze the mechanisms of coseismic changes of water temperature.It is considered that under the dynamic loading of seismic wave,the original state of the well-aquifer system is changed,and a number of factors can cause well water temperature to change,including convection and hydrodynamic dispersion in the vertical direction of the wells,flow state changes in the horizontal direction of the well-system,gas escape from the well water and frictions between the well water,temperature probe and well inner surface and so on.Therefore,in order to effectively analyze the mechanisms of coseismic changes of water temperature,it is reasonable to consider all these factors.
引文
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Elkhoury,J.E.,Brodsky E.E.,AgnewD.C.2006.Seismic Waves Increase Permeability.Nature,29:1135～1138.
Notsu K,Abiko T,Warita H.1980.Coseismic Temperature Changes of Well Water Related to Volcanic Activitiesof Usu Volcano.Journal of Physics of the Earth,28:617～624.
Shimamura H.1980.Precision Quartz Thermometers for Borehole Observations.Journal of Physics of the Earth,28:243～260.
Shimamura H.,Watanabe H.1981.Coseismic Changes in Groundwater Temperature of the Usu Volcanic Region.Nature,291:137～138.
Valiya M.H.2001.Tectonic Leakage of Fault Bounded Aquifers Subject to Non-isothermal Recharge:A Mecha-nism Generating Thermal Precursors to Seismic Events,Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,163～177.
陈大庆,刘耀炜,杨选辉等.2007.远场大震的水位、水温同震响应及其机理研究.地震地质,29(1):122～132.
付子忠.1988.地热动态观测与地热前兆.地壳构造与地壳应力文集,1:1～7.
刘伟,胡久长,顾申宜等.2000.海口ZK26井水温动态特征.华南地震,20(1):43～47.
刘耀炜,杨选辉,刘永铭等.2005.地下流体对苏门答腊8.7级地震的响应特征.中国地震局监测预报司编.2004年印度尼西亚苏门答腊8.7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响.北京:地震出版社:131～258.
石耀霖,曹建玲,马丽等.2007.唐山井水温的同震变化及其物理解释.地震学报,29(5):265～273.
杨竹转,邓志辉,陶京玲等.2007.北京塔院井数字化观测水温的同震效应研究.地震学报,29(2):203～213.
张子广,张素欣,李薇等.2007.昌黎井水温潮汐形成机理分析.地震,27(3):34～40.
Elkhoury,J.E.,Brodsky E.E.,AgnewD.C.2006.Seismic Waves Increase Permeability.Nature,29:1135～1138.
Notsu K,Abiko T,Warita H.1980.Coseismic Temperature Changes of Well Water Related to Volcanic Activitiesof Usu Volcano.Journal of Physics of the Earth,28:617～624.
Shimamura H.1980.Precision Quartz Thermometers for Borehole Observations.Journal of Physics of the Earth,28:243～260.
Shimamura H.,Watanabe H.1981.Coseismic Changes in Groundwater Temperature of the Usu Volcanic Region.Nature,291:137～138.
Valiya M.H.2001.Tectonic Leakage of Fault Bounded Aquifers Subject to Non-isothermal Recharge:A Mecha-nism Generating Thermal Precursors to Seismic Events,Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,163～177.
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