重大自然灾害后遗体处置应急预案研究
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摘要
重大自然灾害发生后一般都会伴随着大量人员的遇难,及时妥善处置灾后众多遇难者遗体,是许多国家面临的棘手问题。借鉴我国唐山7.8级地震和汶川8.0级地震中遗体应急处置的经验与教训,从遗体的搜集、存放、运输、消毒、防腐、保存、火化、掩埋等方面,探索遗体处理应急预案的程序与内容,从而提高政府应对重大自然灾害后大量遗体的应急处置能力,全面保障灾区群众的身心健康。
Major natural disasters usually cause a large number of casualties. Timely and proper disposal of victim bodies after a disaster is a thorny issue faced by many countries. According to the experiences and lessons of emergency managements on victim body disposal of the earthquakes in Tangshan with magnitude 7. 8 and Wenchuan with magnitude 8. 0,the procedures and contents of emergency management plan for victim body disposal are studied in terms of the collection,storage,transportation,disinfection,antisepsis,preservation,cremation, and burial of victim bodies. Our study will help to enhance the governement's capability of emergency response to the numerous victims of major natural disasters,and maximally protect the health of people in the impact areas.
Major natural disasters usually cause a large number of casualties. Timely and proper disposal of victim bodies after a disaster is a thorny issue faced by many countries. According to the experiences and lessons of emergency managements on victim body disposal of the earthquakes in Tangshan with magnitude 7. 8 and Wenchuan with magnitude 8. 0,the procedures and contents of emergency management plan for victim body disposal are studied in terms of the collection,storage,transportation,disinfection,antisepsis,preservation,cremation, and burial of victim bodies. Our study will help to enhance the governement's capability of emergency response to the numerous victims of major natural disasters,and maximally protect the health of people in the impact areas.
引文
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[2]Gionis T A,Wecht C H,Marshall LW Jr,et al.Dead bodies,disasters,and the myths about them:is public health law misin-formed[J].Am J Disaster Med,2007,2(4):173188.
[3]闪淳昌.建立突发公共事件应急机制的探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2005,1(2):8-11.
[4]马光辉.突发公共卫生事件的特性及处置[J].灾害学,2008,23(S0):3638.
[5]李仪欢,陈国华,张新梅.基于响应绩效的重大事故应急预案编制技术研究[J].灾害学,2008,23(2):135-140.
[6]邹逸江.国外应急管理体系的发展现状及经验启示[J].灾害学,2008,23(1):96-101.
[7]Watson J T,Gayer M,Connolly M A.Epidemics after natural disasters[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2007,13(1):15.
[8]WHO.Communicable disease risk assessment and interventions Sichuan earthquake:the People's Republ ic of China May2008[EB/OL].[20100328].http://www.who.int/disea-secontrol_emergencies/RA_China_Publ ication.pdf.
[9]郑通彦,李洋,候建盛,等.2008年中国大陆地震灾害损失述评[J].灾害学,2010,25(2):112-118.
[10]楼宝棠.中国古今地震灾情总汇[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[11]中国地震局灾害应急救援司.中国大陆地震灾害损失评估汇编(1990-1995年)[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[12]中国地震局灾害应急救援司.中国大陆地震灾害损失评估汇编(1996-2000年)[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[13]赵怀璧,杨保秀.灾害急救医学的发展与动向[J].卫生软科学,2000(14):357.
[14]遇难者遗体处理深埋逐渐代替火化[N].南方日报,2008,0521(5).
[15]WHO/PAHO/ICRC.Management of dead bodies after disasters:a field manual for first responders[M].Washington D.C.:WHO/PAHO/ICRC,2006:158.
[16]WHO/PAHO.Management of dead bodies in disaster situations[M].Washington,D.C:PAHO,2004.
[17]WHO/ROSEA.Disposal of dead bodies in emergency conditions,WHO/SEARO technical notes for emergency,Technical notes No.8[EB/OL].[20100328].http.who.int/water_sani-tation_health/hygiene/envsan/th08/en/index.html.
[18]Wisner B,Adams.Envionmental health in emergencies and dis-asters[M].Washington,D.C:WHO,2003:198201.
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