影响公众震灾风险认知的因素分析——以新疆喀什、乌鲁木齐地区为例
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摘要
研究震灾风险认知及其影响因素有助于从公众视角揭示风险潜在因素,为降低灾害风险提供决策依据。本文以新疆的喀什、乌鲁木齐为研究区,通过问卷调查方式,采用假设检验和相关分析等统计方法,研究影响公众的临震心理、风险估计、地震知识水平、防震意愿及行为等震灾风险认知的因素。结果表明:影响因素包括性别、教育水平、收入水平、家庭结构、房屋结构、居住区危险性等;因素之间互相联系与风险认知因子形成正、负反馈链,其中收入水平影响了风险感知是否能转化为防减灾的积极行为。并在灾害风险分析的基础上提出了减轻地震灾害风险的对策建议。
Research on risk perception of earthquake and its influencing factors helps to reveal the potential risk factors from a public visual angle,and provids basis for decision-making to disaster risk reduction.In this paper Kashgar and Urumqi in Xinjiang are taken as examples and 267 people were investigated by questionnaire.Survey data is analyzed using hypothesis test and Pearson correlation analysis to find out the influencing factors on risk perception such as hazard psychoanalysis,earthquake risk estimation,knowledge level of earthquake and preparedness behaviors for reducing earthquake.The results show that influencing factors include sex,educational level,income level,family member constitute,building conditions and seismic hazard of resident area.The influencing factors and the risk perception factors link positive or negative feedback chains.Income level as a core factor influences weather the risk perception can be changed to the practical actions of reducing earthquake disaster.Based on the risk analysis,several suggestions for risk reduction are given.
Research on risk perception of earthquake and its influencing factors helps to reveal the potential risk factors from a public visual angle,and provids basis for decision-making to disaster risk reduction.In this paper Kashgar and Urumqi in Xinjiang are taken as examples and 267 people were investigated by questionnaire.Survey data is analyzed using hypothesis test and Pearson correlation analysis to find out the influencing factors on risk perception such as hazard psychoanalysis,earthquake risk estimation,knowledge level of earthquake and preparedness behaviors for reducing earthquake.The results show that influencing factors include sex,educational level,income level,family member constitute,building conditions and seismic hazard of resident area.The influencing factors and the risk perception factors link positive or negative feedback chains.Income level as a core factor influences weather the risk perception can be changed to the practical actions of reducing earthquake disaster.Based on the risk analysis,several suggestions for risk reduction are given.
引文
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[3]李景宜,周旗,严瑞.国民灾害感知能力测评指标体系研究[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(4):129-134.
[4]岳丽霞,欧国强.居民山地灾害意识水平比较研究[J].灾害学,2005,20(3):117-120.
[5]刘金平,周广亚,黄宏强.风险认知的结构,因素及其研究方法[J].心理科学,2006,29(2):370-372.
[6]Palm R,M Hodgson.After a California Earthquake:Attitudeand Behavior Change[M].Chicago:University of ChicagoPress,1992.
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[8]刘更才.城市地震时人的心理反应与应急对策[J].灾害学,2001,16(4):72-76.
[9]赵瑞斌,李军,沈军.喀什坳陷北缘活动断裂与古地震研究[J].地震学报,2000,22(3):327-331.
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[12]科技部国家计委国家经贸委社会综合研究组.中国重大自然灾害与社会图集[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2004.
[13]新疆自治区统计局.新疆统计年鉴[K].北京:中国统计出版社,2006:82-83.
[14]风笑天.现代社会调查方法(第三版)[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2005.
[15]王静爱,史培军,王平,等.中国自然灾害时空格局[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[16]王国治.政府在减轻地震灾害中的职能[J].华南地震,1990,10(2):78-86.
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