黄河下游历史泥沙灾害的宏观特征及其与流域因素和人类活动的关系(Ⅱ)──人类活动、历史地震及地形因子的影响
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摘要
以历史上黄河下游的决溢频率为泥沙灾害的代用指标，研究了人类活动、历史地震及地形因子对黄河下游历史泥沙灾害的影响。研究表明，人类活动是影响黄河下游泥沙灾害的重要因素。历史上人口的增加使下游决溢频率增大，人口低谷与决溢频率的低值时段相应。历史上农牧交错带的南移与下游决溢频率的减小相伴发生，北移则导致决溢频率的增大。历史地震对黄河下游历史泥沙灾害有一定的影响。黄河下游历史泥沙灾害表现出明显的空间分异，这种分异与平原地貌条件的沿程变化有密切的关系。
The Yellow River is famous in the world for the extremely serious sediment-related disasters in history. The avulsion frequency of the lower Yellow River is adopted as a proxy index to study the historical sediment-related disasters, and then it was related to various indices describing the natural and human factors of the Yellow River basin. Consequently, some correlations have been established. Human activities are the major factor influencing sediment-related disasters in the lower Yellow River. In history, the increase in population led to an increased avulsion frequency, and low -value periods of population corresponded to the periods with low frequency of avulsions. The increase in avulsion frequency of the lower Yellow River occurred in association with the northward shift of the agriculture-animal husbandry transitional zone. When the agriculture-animal husbandry transitional zone shifted southward, the avulsion frequency declined. It has been found that there is positive relation between the frequencies of avulsions and earthquakes, which indicates that the periods with high frequency of earthquakes on the Loess Plateau are also the periods with high frequency of avulsions in the lower Yellow River. In the lower Yellow River, the avulsion frequency showed a clear differentiation downstream, which can be related to the downstream differentiation in plain landforms.
The Yellow River is famous in the world for the extremely serious sediment-related disasters in history. The avulsion frequency of the lower Yellow River is adopted as a proxy index to study the historical sediment-related disasters, and then it was related to various indices describing the natural and human factors of the Yellow River basin. Consequently, some correlations have been established. Human activities are the major factor influencing sediment-related disasters in the lower Yellow River. In history, the increase in population led to an increased avulsion frequency, and low -value periods of population corresponded to the periods with low frequency of avulsions. The increase in avulsion frequency of the lower Yellow River occurred in association with the northward shift of the agriculture-animal husbandry transitional zone. When the agriculture-animal husbandry transitional zone shifted southward, the avulsion frequency declined. It has been found that there is positive relation between the frequencies of avulsions and earthquakes, which indicates that the periods with high frequency of earthquakes on the Loess Plateau are also the periods with high frequency of avulsions in the lower Yellow River. In the lower Yellow River, the avulsion frequency showed a clear differentiation downstream, which can be related to the downstream differentiation in plain landforms.
引文
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[3]中国科学院中国自然地理编辑委员会.中国自然地理(历史自然地理)[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.
[4]中国科学院黄土高原综合科学考察队.黄土高原地区人口问题[M].北京:中国经济出版社,1990.
[5]杨平林.历史时期黄河中游地区人口地理研究[A].王守春.黄河流域环境演变与水沙运行规律研究文集(第5卷)[C],北京:海洋出 版社,1993.20-30.
[6]王守春,黄河流域环境演变与水沙运行规律研究文集(第5卷)[C].北京:海洋出版社, 1993, 198.
[7]杨勤业.黄土高原地区自然环境及其演变[C].北京:科学出版社,1991.125-152.
[8]唐克丽.黄土高原土壤侵蚀区域特征及其治理途径[C].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1991.
[9]景可,陈永宗,李凤新.黄河泥沙与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[10]钱宁,周文浩.黄河下游河床演变[M].北京:科学出版社,1965.
[11]吴祥定,钮仲勋,王守春,等.历史时期黄土高原植被与人文要素的变化[M].北京:海洋出版社,1994.65-91.
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