汶川地震灾区恢复重建中的生态保护问题研究
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摘要
汶川大地震破坏区愈10万km2,核心破坏区达6.5万km2,造成巨大的生命财产损失和生态环境破坏,危及灾区生态屏障功能发挥和生物多样性保护。因此,保护灾区生态环境、恢复重建退化生态系统,是汶川地震灾区恢复重建的重点内容之一。文章从汶川地震灾区生态环境保护的战略意义入手,提出"生态脆弱区、自然保护区与风景名胜区、河流源区与流域区、聚落生态与农田生态区、地震遗址保护区"是灾区生态保护与恢复的五大关键区域,而"脆弱生态环境的难恢复性、贫困人口生存方式的脆弱性与经济开发活动的持续性"是生态保护与恢复重建中面临的三大障碍,提出通过"引导人口合理分布、农村扶贫、建立生态补偿以及开发生态资源"等四大措施来改善灾区生态环境的建议。
Wenchuan earthquake,with over 100 thousand km2 of damaged areas and 65 thousand km2 of kernel damaged areas,made great losses in lives and properties and breakage of entironment,affected ecological barrier function and biology diversity protecting in these areas.Protecting ecological environment of disaster area and reconstructing degraded ecological system were the key content of reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake disaster area.Five key areas of ecological protecting and reconstructing in disaster area were ecological fragility area, nature reserve and landscape and famous scenery,rivers headwaters and drainage areas,rural settlement ecological and farmland ecological areas.Three obstacles faced by ecological protecting and reconstructing in disaster area were flimsy entironment,the frangibility of survival manners of the poverty population,the durative of economic developing.The entironment of disaster area could be improved by these four measures such as leading population distributing in reason, poverty reduction in country,establishing ecological compensation mechanism and developing of ecological resources.
Wenchuan earthquake,with over 100 thousand km2 of damaged areas and 65 thousand km2 of kernel damaged areas,made great losses in lives and properties and breakage of entironment,affected ecological barrier function and biology diversity protecting in these areas.Protecting ecological environment of disaster area and reconstructing degraded ecological system were the key content of reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake disaster area.Five key areas of ecological protecting and reconstructing in disaster area were ecological fragility area, nature reserve and landscape and famous scenery,rivers headwaters and drainage areas,rural settlement ecological and farmland ecological areas.Three obstacles faced by ecological protecting and reconstructing in disaster area were flimsy entironment,the frangibility of survival manners of the poverty population,the durative of economic developing.The entironment of disaster area could be improved by these four measures such as leading population distributing in reason, poverty reduction in country,establishing ecological compensation mechanism and developing of ecological resources.
引文
1川林业重建94亿.大熊猫栖息地亟待重建.http:/zhcj.newssc.org/system/2008/12/16/011372645.shtml/.
2汶川地震造成全国2380座水库出现险情.http://www.sina.com.cn 2008年05月25日19:06新华网.
3四川汶川地震地质影响将持续10年.http://news.qq.com/a/20090212/000113.htm.
4钟水映等编著.人口资源环境经济学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:224.
5封志明等.科学界定人口发展功能分区.理性编制四川地震灾区重建规划.见中国人口学会年会(2008)论文汇编.西安:2008年23-26.
2汶川地震造成全国2380座水库出现险情.http://www.sina.com.cn 2008年05月25日19:06新华网.
3四川汶川地震地质影响将持续10年.http://news.qq.com/a/20090212/000113.htm.
4钟水映等编著.人口资源环境经济学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:224.
5封志明等.科学界定人口发展功能分区.理性编制四川地震灾区重建规划.见中国人口学会年会(2008)论文汇编.西安:2008年23-26.
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