汶川大地震对生态系统的影响
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摘要
汶川大地震的主要影响区位于四川盆地西缘,是四川盆地向青藏高原的过渡地带,地质构造复杂,山高谷深坡陡,是我国生态环境十分脆弱的地区,同时该地区还是具有重要生态服务功能,是长江上游生态安全的重要屏障。汶川大地震不仅造成巨大人员伤亡和财产损失,也对生态系统造成了严重破坏,对区域生态安全带来巨大威胁。研究运用遥感数据和实地调查,评估了地震对生态系统的影响,研究结果表明:(1)汶川大地震造成严重的生态破坏,导致生态系统丧失面积为122136hm2,并形成了包括汶川县、彭州市、绵竹市等10县市的地震生态破坏重灾区。(2)地震导致65,584hm2大熊猫生境丧失,损失比例5.92%。(3)94.64%的受损生态系统分布在地震烈度IX以上区域,53.82%的受损生态系统分布在海拔2000m以下的区域,66.09%的受损生态系统分布在坡度30～50°之间。地震导致的生态破坏将影响区域生态安全,在恢复重建中要加强生态保护和生态系统的恢复重建。
The Wenchuan Earthquake hit area,locating at the transition between Sichuan basin and Tibet Plateau,is one of most ecologically fragile regions in China,and is playing an important role in ecological security of Sichuan basin as well.The earthquake had not only caused huge human-being lost and property damage,but also had resulted in great impacts on ecosystems.Integrated remote sensing data and field survey,we have assessed the ecological impacts of the earthquake.The results suggested that:(1)122136 hm2 of forest,grassland and wetland ecosystems were destroyed in the earthquake,and mainly distributed in 10 counties,such as Wenchuan,Pengzhou,Mianzhu.(2)65,584hm2 of giant panda habitat was lost in the earthquake,5.92% of total panda habitat,(3)94.64% of damaged ecosystems were distributed in the areas with earthquake magnitude higher than VIII,53.82% of damaged ecosystems in the areas with altitudes lower than 2000 meters above sea level,66.09% of damaged ecosystems in the areas with slopes between 30-50°.Since the ecosystem damage resulted from the earthquake will threat ecological security of Sichuan basin,ecosystem restoration should be one of the main focuses in the context of earthquake hit area rebuilding plan.
The Wenchuan Earthquake hit area,locating at the transition between Sichuan basin and Tibet Plateau,is one of most ecologically fragile regions in China,and is playing an important role in ecological security of Sichuan basin as well.The earthquake had not only caused huge human-being lost and property damage,but also had resulted in great impacts on ecosystems.Integrated remote sensing data and field survey,we have assessed the ecological impacts of the earthquake.The results suggested that:(1)122136 hm2 of forest,grassland and wetland ecosystems were destroyed in the earthquake,and mainly distributed in 10 counties,such as Wenchuan,Pengzhou,Mianzhu.(2)65,584hm2 of giant panda habitat was lost in the earthquake,5.92% of total panda habitat,(3)94.64% of damaged ecosystems were distributed in the areas with earthquake magnitude higher than VIII,53.82% of damaged ecosystems in the areas with altitudes lower than 2000 meters above sea level,66.09% of damaged ecosystems in the areas with slopes between 30-50°.Since the ecosystem damage resulted from the earthquake will threat ecological security of Sichuan basin,ecosystem restoration should be one of the main focuses in the context of earthquake hit area rebuilding plan.
引文
[1]国家减灾委-科技部抗震救灾专家组著:《汶川地震灾害综合分析与评估》,2008年7月
[1]State Forestry Administration.The third national survey report for giant panda in China.Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[2]Wang Dajun,Li Sheng,Sun Shan,et al.Turning Earthquake Disaster into Long Term Benefits for the Panda.Conservation Biology,2008,22(5):1356-1360.
[3]Ouyang Z Y,Liu J G,Xiao H,et al.An assessment of giant panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(11):1869-1874.
[4]Xu W H,Ouyang Z Y,Andrés Vi a,et al.Designing a conservation plan for protecting the habitat for giant pandas in the Qionglai mountain range,China.Diversity and Distributions,2006,12:610-619.
[5]Xiao Y,Ouyang Z Y,Zhu C Q,et al.An Assessment of Giant Panda Habitat in Minshan,Sichuan,China,Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(7):1373-1379.
[6]Taylor Alan H,Qin Z S.Bamboo regeneration after flowering in the Wolong Giant Panda Reserve,China.Biological Conservation,1993,63(3):231-234.
[1]国家林业局.全国第三次大熊猫调查报告,北京:科学出版社,2006.
[4]欧阳志云,刘建国,肖寒,谭迎春,张和民.卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境评价.生态学报,2001,21(11):1869～1874.
[5]肖?,欧阳志云,朱春全,何国金,等.岷山地区大熊猫生境评价与保护对策研究.生态学报,2004,24(7):1373～1379.
[1]State Forestry Administration.The third national survey report for giant panda in China.Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[2]Wang Dajun,Li Sheng,Sun Shan,et al.Turning Earthquake Disaster into Long Term Benefits for the Panda.Conservation Biology,2008,22(5):1356-1360.
[3]Ouyang Z Y,Liu J G,Xiao H,et al.An assessment of giant panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(11):1869-1874.
[4]Xu W H,Ouyang Z Y,Andrés Vi a,et al.Designing a conservation plan for protecting the habitat for giant pandas in the Qionglai mountain range,China.Diversity and Distributions,2006,12:610-619.
[5]Xiao Y,Ouyang Z Y,Zhu C Q,et al.An Assessment of Giant Panda Habitat in Minshan,Sichuan,China,Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(7):1373-1379.
[6]Taylor Alan H,Qin Z S.Bamboo regeneration after flowering in the Wolong Giant Panda Reserve,China.Biological Conservation,1993,63(3):231-234.
[1]国家林业局.全国第三次大熊猫调查报告,北京:科学出版社,2006.
[4]欧阳志云,刘建国,肖寒,谭迎春,张和民.卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境评价.生态学报,2001,21(11):1869～1874.
[5]肖?,欧阳志云,朱春全,何国金,等.岷山地区大熊猫生境评价与保护对策研究.生态学报,2004,24(7):1373～1379.
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