地震作用下土质边坡永久位移分析的能量方法
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摘要
边坡的永久位移可以为边坡工程的抗震设计和坡体稳定性判识提供有力的依据,为了提出一种计算永久位移的新方法并使计算结果相对准确,论文基于塑性极限分析的上限定理,推导了潜在滑坡体的正、反向临界加速度,探讨了滑动面倾角和竖向加速度对临界加速度的影响;利用能量守恒原理,建立了地震作用下滑坡体系的能量反应方程,探讨了地震时滑坡体系中能量的传递、转化和耗散过程;定义了边坡的临界输入功率,推导了基于能量法的边坡永久位移计算公式,分析了重力势能降对永久位移的贡献。研究表明:当滑动面倾角较小,且地震加速度较大或坡体自身稳定性较差时,反向位移不容忽略;考虑竖向加速度后临界加速度成为一个随时间变化的临界加速度时程;全面考虑正、反向临界加速度和竖向加速度的影响,可使永久位移的计算结果相对准确;地震对滑坡主要产生触发作用,边坡的永久位移量主要由重力势能降决定。
Since the permanent displacement induced by earthquake can be regarded as an effective criterion for stability estimation and anti-seismic design of slopes,a new method for evaluating the displacement and improve its estimating accuracy was proposed.The forward and reverse critical acceleration of potential landslide were derived based on the limit analysis upper bound theorem,and the influence of sliding surface angle and vertical acceleration on critical acceleration was then discussed.According to the principle of energy conservation,the energy response equations of landslide system were established,the process of energy transferring,transforming and dissipating during earthquake were analyzed.A permanent displacement calculation formula of the slope with energy method was presented.In addition,the contribution of gravitational potential energy to permanent displacement was analyzed.Result showed that the reverse displacement can not be neglected when the slope has a small angle of sliding surface and weak stability,while the earthquake is strong.The critical acceleration will become an acceleration time history varying with time when take the vertical acceleration into account.Farther precision in displacement calculation can be reached via considering the effect of reverse critical acceleration and vertical acceleration wholly.Earthquake plays an important role on triggering landslides,and the permanent displacement is mainly determined by gravitational potential energy.
Since the permanent displacement induced by earthquake can be regarded as an effective criterion for stability estimation and anti-seismic design of slopes,a new method for evaluating the displacement and improve its estimating accuracy was proposed.The forward and reverse critical acceleration of potential landslide were derived based on the limit analysis upper bound theorem,and the influence of sliding surface angle and vertical acceleration on critical acceleration was then discussed.According to the principle of energy conservation,the energy response equations of landslide system were established,the process of energy transferring,transforming and dissipating during earthquake were analyzed.A permanent displacement calculation formula of the slope with energy method was presented.In addition,the contribution of gravitational potential energy to permanent displacement was analyzed.Result showed that the reverse displacement can not be neglected when the slope has a small angle of sliding surface and weak stability,while the earthquake is strong.The critical acceleration will become an acceleration time history varying with time when take the vertical acceleration into account.Farther precision in displacement calculation can be reached via considering the effect of reverse critical acceleration and vertical acceleration wholly.Earthquake plays an important role on triggering landslides,and the permanent displacement is mainly determined by gravitational potential energy.
引文
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[15]Lei Jiancheng,Gao Mengtan,Yu Yanxiang.Seismic motion attenuation relations in sichuan and adjacent areas[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(5):500-511.[雷建成,高孟潭,俞言祥.四川及邻区地震动衰减关系[J].地震学报,2007,29(5):500-511.]
[16]Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model tests on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].2008,27(3):624-632.[徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(3):624-632.]
[2]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-hazards in Wenchuan Earthquake area and countermeasures for disaster reduction[J].Journal of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008,23(4):317-323.[崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323.]
[3]Al-Homoud A S,Tahtamoni W.Comparison between predictions using different simplified Newmarks’block-on-plane models and field values of earthquake induced displacements[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2000,19(2):73-90.
[4]Zhou Yun,Zhou Fulin.Energy design method for structural system with energy dissipative devices[J].Word Information on Earthquake Engineering,1997,13(4):7-12.[周云,周福霖.耗能减震体系的能量设计方法[J].世界地震工程,1997,13(4):7-12.]
[5]Liang Jun,Wen Yan.Study on the momentary input energy of structural earthquake resistance design by energy method[J].Journal of Guangxi University:Nat Sci Ed,2007,32(Sup):308-310.[梁军,文彦.结构抗震设计能量法的瞬时输入能量研究[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2007,32(增):308-310.]
[6]Zhou Tieyi,Yang Fengli,Xia He.The design method of the seismically isolated bridge by lead rubber bearing based on energy method[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(2):43-48.[钟铁毅,杨风利,夏禾.基于能量法的铅芯橡胶支座隔震桥梁设计方法[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(2):43-48.]
[7]Cheng Guangyu,Ye Lieping.Earthquake input energy spectrum for inelastic SDOF system[J].Engineering Mechan-ics,2008,25(2):28-39.[程光煜,叶列平.弹塑性SD-OF系统的地震输入能量谱[J].工程力学,2008,25(2):28-39.]
[8]Decanini L D,Mollaioli F.An energy-based methodology for the assessment of seismic demand[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2001,21(2):113-137.
[9]Wang Genlong,Wu Faquan,Qi Shengwen,et al.Research on limit analysis upper bound method for stability evaluation of anchored rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2556-2563.[王根龙,伍法权,祁生文,等.加锚岩质边坡稳定性评价的极限分析上限法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2556-2563.]
[10]Wang Genlong,Wu Faquan,Li Juwen.Rock slope stability analysis based on plasticity limit theory—method of slices with inclined interfaces[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(12):1767-1771.[王根龙,伍法权,李巨文.岩质边坡稳定塑性极限分析方法——斜分条法[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(12):1767-1771.]
[11]Hu Weidong,Zhang Guoxiang.Plastic limit analysis of slope atability with nonlinear failure citerion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(9):1909-1913.[胡卫东,张国祥.非线性破坏准则下的边坡稳定塑性极限分析[J].岩土力学,2007,28(9):1909-1913.]
[12]Zhao Lianheng,Li Liang,Yang Feng,et al.Dynamic stability pseudo-static analysis of reinforcement soil slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1904-1917.[赵炼恒,李亮,杨峰,等.加筋土坡动态稳定性拟静力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1904-1917.]
[13]Kokusho T,Ishizawa T.Energy approach for earthquake induced slope failure evaluation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(2):221-230.
[14]Kokusho T,Ishizawa T,Nishida K.Travel distance of failed slopes during 2004 Chuetsu earthquake and its evaluation in terms of energy[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,29(7):1159-1169.
[15]Lei Jiancheng,Gao Mengtan,Yu Yanxiang.Seismic motion attenuation relations in sichuan and adjacent areas[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(5):500-511.[雷建成,高孟潭,俞言祥.四川及邻区地震动衰减关系[J].地震学报,2007,29(5):500-511.]
[16]Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model tests on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].2008,27(3):624-632.[徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(3):624-632.]
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