成都地震重灾区生态影响分区及恢复对策
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摘要
地震是造成生态破坏较为严重的自然灾害之一,震后生态恢复的总体对策是决策者亟待获取的重要信息,因此有必要及时开展地震生态影响分区研究.以成都地震重灾区为例,利用汶川地震前后2期TM影像灰度差提取了地质灾害区;从敏感性和诱导性两方面,采用层次分析法对地震重灾区进行了生态危险度分类;基于不同区域的生态破坏强度及危险度特征,开展了地震生态影响分区,并以此作为生态恢复过程中优先级及措施的总体布局.结果表明:成都地震重灾区地质灾害面积为118.3 km2,占区域总面积的2.36%;其中,应首先采用生物与工程相结合的手段进行修复的面积为40.7 km2,通过生物措施修复的面积为66.2 km2,其余的则依靠自然演替逐渐恢复.
Earthquakes are one of the most serious disasters which can lead to ecological damage.After an earthquake,the strategy of ecological restoration is important information for decision-makers to consider urgently,so it is necessary to carry out seismic ecological impact regionalization.Taking as an example a district of Chengdu that has experienced severe seismic activity,geological hazard areas were first extracted by pixel gray value differences between two TM images before and after the Wenchuan earthquake.Second,regional ecological risk was classified by AHP using sensitivity and induced factors.Finally,seismic ecological impacts were divided and classified by region based on the extent of ecological damage and ecological risk characteristics,and then the layout for priority and measures of ecological restoration were generated.The results show that the total geological hazard area was 118.3 km~2,accounting for 2.36% of the Chengdu severe earthquake area.The areas needing urgent repair by combining biological and engineering methods were 40.7 km~2;the areas needing secondary repair mainly by biological measures were 66.2 km~2;and the remaining areas would be gradually restored through natural succession.
Earthquakes are one of the most serious disasters which can lead to ecological damage.After an earthquake,the strategy of ecological restoration is important information for decision-makers to consider urgently,so it is necessary to carry out seismic ecological impact regionalization.Taking as an example a district of Chengdu that has experienced severe seismic activity,geological hazard areas were first extracted by pixel gray value differences between two TM images before and after the Wenchuan earthquake.Second,regional ecological risk was classified by AHP using sensitivity and induced factors.Finally,seismic ecological impacts were divided and classified by region based on the extent of ecological damage and ecological risk characteristics,and then the layout for priority and measures of ecological restoration were generated.The results show that the total geological hazard area was 118.3 km~2,accounting for 2.36% of the Chengdu severe earthquake area.The areas needing urgent repair by combining biological and engineering methods were 40.7 km~2;the areas needing secondary repair mainly by biological measures were 66.2 km~2;and the remaining areas would be gradually restored through natural succession.
引文
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[24]唐世荣,高尚宾,赵玉杰,等.地震震后的生态环境保护与新农村建设问题[J].农业环境与发展,2008(4):1-4.
[25]唐守正,盛炜彤,高建国.加强地震灾后林业及生态恢复重建工作[J].科技导报,2008,26(12):10-11.
[26]刘孝富,张林波,舒俭民,等.生态足迹压力空间分析在城市规划中的应用研究[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(3):110-115.
[27]乔青,高吉喜,王维,等.生态脆弱性综合评价方法与应用[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):117-123.
[28]刘应辉,朱颖彦,苏凤环,等.基于地层岩性的崩塌滑坡敏感性分析:以5.12震后都汶公路沿线为例[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(3):125-130.
[29]姚鑫,许冲,戴福初,等.四川汶川Ms8级地震引发的滑坡与地层岩性、坡度的相关性[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1156-1162.
[2]徐国栋,方伟华,史培军,等.汶川地震损失快速评估[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(6):74-83.
[3]王秀英,聂高众,王登伟.利用强震记录分析汶川地震诱发地质灾害[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2369-2376.
[4]吴宁,卢涛,罗鹏,等.地震对山地生态系统的影响:以5.12汶川大地震为例[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5810-5819.
[5]吴建华.地震与生态环境关系初探[J].山西地震,2000(4):1-3.
[6]韩东银,魏英祖.生态系统地震灾害及其深层机制[J].国家地震动态,2007(1):16-24.
[7]包维楷,庞学勇.四川汶川大地震重灾区灾后生态退化及其基本特点[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(4):441-444.
[8]吴瑾冰,郭安红.地震与环境生态[J].灾害学,2001,16(3):87-96.
[9]王智,庄亚芳,蒋明康,等.汶川地震对自然保护区的生态影响评估及对策[J].四川环境,2009,28(3):46-49.
[10]LIN W T,LIN C Y,TSAI J S,et al.Eco-environmental changesassessment at the Chiufenershan landslide area caused bycatastrophic earthquake in Central Taiwan[J].EcologicalEngineering,2008,33:220-232.
[11]韩宝平,孙晓菲.地震后山区农业生态环境恢复与重建的关键问题探析[J].农业环境与发展,2008(4):20-23.
[12]CHEN R F,CHANG K J,ANGELIER J,et al.Topographicalchanges revealed by high-resolution airborne LiDAR data:the1999 Tsaoling landslide induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2006,88:160-172.
[13]AYDO¨NER C,MAKTAV D.The role of the integration of remotesensing and GIS in land use/land cover analysis after anearthquake[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2009,30(7):1697-1717.
[14]王文杰,潘英姿,徐卫华,等.四川汶川地震对生态系统破坏及其生态影响分析[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):110-116.
[15]徐新良,江东,庄大方,等.汶川地震灾害核心区生态环境影响评估[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5899-5908.
[16]张春敏,王根绪.不同地震烈度对灾区景观生态破坏程度的评价[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5938-5947.
[17]DAS J D,SARAF A K,PANDA S.Satellite data in a rapidanalysis of Kashmir earthquake(October 2005)triggeredlandslide pattern and river water turbidity in and around theepicentral region[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,28(8):1835-1842.
[18]欧阳志云,徐卫华,王学志,等.汶川大地震对生态系统的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5801-5809.
[19]陈晓利,叶洪.利用GIS进行地震滑坡分析[J].山西地震,2003(2):17-19.
[20]HIROSHI P S,HIROYUKI H,SATOSHI F,et al.Interpretation oflandslide distribution triggered by the 2005 Northern Pakistanearthquake using SPOT5 imagery[J].Landslides,2007(4):113-122.
[21]REN D D,WANG J H,FU R,et al.Mudslide-caused ecosystemdegradation following Wenchuan earthquake 2008[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36:L5401,doi:10.1029/2008GL036702.
[22]包维楷.汶川地震重灾区生态退化及其恢复重建对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):324-329.
[23]陈广仁,苏青,吴晓丽,等.加强震后生态评价促进灾区生态修复[J].科技导报.2008,26(15):19-26.
[24]唐世荣,高尚宾,赵玉杰,等.地震震后的生态环境保护与新农村建设问题[J].农业环境与发展,2008(4):1-4.
[25]唐守正,盛炜彤,高建国.加强地震灾后林业及生态恢复重建工作[J].科技导报,2008,26(12):10-11.
[26]刘孝富,张林波,舒俭民,等.生态足迹压力空间分析在城市规划中的应用研究[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(3):110-115.
[27]乔青,高吉喜,王维,等.生态脆弱性综合评价方法与应用[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):117-123.
[28]刘应辉,朱颖彦,苏凤环,等.基于地层岩性的崩塌滑坡敏感性分析:以5.12震后都汶公路沿线为例[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(3):125-130.
[29]姚鑫,许冲,戴福初,等.四川汶川Ms8级地震引发的滑坡与地层岩性、坡度的相关性[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1156-1162.
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