基于GIS的5.12地震北川县灾害区划研究
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摘要
5.12汶川特大地震给北川县造成重大灾害损失。根据自然灾害系统理论,从孕灾环境、致灾因子、承灾体和灾情4个方面分别选取相关评价指标,通过GIS空间分析得到了北川县5.12地震灾害敏感度、风险度、脆弱度和灾度分布图,采用1.5 km×1.8 km网格为灾害区划基本单元,在MAPGIS软件中进行叠加分析,根据拟定的区划原则,采用基于空间邻域关系的区域合并方法对北川县地震次生灾害区域分异进行分析并进行灾害程度区划,得到4个灾害类型区:1个极重灾区、4个较重灾区、2个重灾区和2个一般灾区。为北川县的灾后重建规划提供科学依据,为加快北川县灾后重建和县域经济可持续发展服务。
The 5.12 massive 8.0-magnitude earthquake created enormous devastation and loss of life in Sichuan,China.An assessment method of earthquake affected degree and related regionalization in Beichuan County were put forward,being expected to be helpful to the reconstruction of building and economic development after disaster.According to the system theory of natural disaster,assessment indicator system for earthquake damage in Beichuan was established,which was made up of four levels such as disaster-pregnant environment,disaster-causing factor,disaster-affected body and situation of disaster.Maps of the degree of sensitivity,risk,and vulnerability as well as the distribution of disaster intensity in study area were obtained by GIS technology,and then were divided into many grid units defined as 1.5×1.8km,respectively,for overlay analysis with MapGIS software.Regionalization of earthquake damage was operated by region-combined method based on the spatial neighborhood relationship and analysis of diversity of region with secondary geological hazard.4 earthquake-affected region types were found in the regionalization map in which the number of very heavy,heavy,moderately and lightly damaged regions were 1,4,2 and 2 respectively.Finally,the strategy for reducing disaster risk was discussed.
The 5.12 massive 8.0-magnitude earthquake created enormous devastation and loss of life in Sichuan,China.An assessment method of earthquake affected degree and related regionalization in Beichuan County were put forward,being expected to be helpful to the reconstruction of building and economic development after disaster.According to the system theory of natural disaster,assessment indicator system for earthquake damage in Beichuan was established,which was made up of four levels such as disaster-pregnant environment,disaster-causing factor,disaster-affected body and situation of disaster.Maps of the degree of sensitivity,risk,and vulnerability as well as the distribution of disaster intensity in study area were obtained by GIS technology,and then were divided into many grid units defined as 1.5×1.8km,respectively,for overlay analysis with MapGIS software.Regionalization of earthquake damage was operated by region-combined method based on the spatial neighborhood relationship and analysis of diversity of region with secondary geological hazard.4 earthquake-affected region types were found in the regionalization map in which the number of very heavy,heavy,moderately and lightly damaged regions were 1,4,2 and 2 respectively.Finally,the strategy for reducing disaster risk was discussed.
引文
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[2]史培军.再论灾害研究的理论与实践[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(4):6-12.
[3]傅志军,郭俊理,王红梅.宝鸡市地震灾害区划[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版)[J].1999,17(2):58-59.
[4]王兰民,袁中夏,石玉成,等.黄土地震灾害区划指标与方法研究[J].自然灾害学报,1999,8(3):88-93.
[5]傅志军,卫旭东.自然灾害区划的理论与方法[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,26(S1):232-234.
[6]王平.基于地理信息系统的自然灾害区划的方法研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,36(3):410-416.
[7]蒋勇军,况明生,李林立.GIS支持下的重庆市自然灾害综合区划[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(5):487-492.
[8]张海峰,白永平,刘峰贵.基于GIS的青南高原自然灾害综合区划研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(7):99-105.
[9]Mark T J T,Cees I V W.Deterministec Modeling in GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Natural Hazards[M].Nether-lands:Kluwer Acadmic Publishers,1995.
[10]毛国敏,邹其嘉,曹新玲,等.关于建立地震灾害指标体系的研究——地震灾情的综合信息系统[J].灾害学,1990,24(3):7-15.
[11]赵卫权.基于ArcView-GIS的自然灾害信息管理系统[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2007,25(3):385-389.
[12]苗崇刚.地震灾害损失评估[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(1):105-108.
[13]董廷旭.地理信息系统实习教程[M].成都:西南财经大学出版社,2006.
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