四川地震灾后重建生态修复Ⅰ:实施情况及国内外经验
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摘要
"5.12"汶川特大地震及其次生灾害对灾区生态环境造成了严重的破坏。经过两年的灾后重建,震区的生态环境已得到一定改善。但地震灾后生态修复是一项长期、复杂的系统工程。目前,四川地震灾区生态问题依然严峻,还有大量的、长期的生态修复任务。本研究详细阐述了国内外生态修复的经验和教训,系统分析了我国两年多来汶川特大地震灾后生态恢复重建的实施情况,在此基础上,提出了地震灾区生态修复的一些认识,以期为地震灾区灾后生态修复提供理论依据和参考。
Wenchuan Earthquake of 8.0 magnitude at Richter scale hit large region of Sichuan,China,on May 12,2008.The earthquake and earthquake-induced events such as landslides did serious damage to local vegetation and ecosystem.Although the ecological environment of disaster areas has been amended to a certain extent after two years of ecological rehabilitation,the ecological problem is still severe now,and there are long-term and plenty of assignments to be done.In order to provide reference for restoration,this paper summarizes two-year ecological rehabilitation in the disaster area,analyses experiences and lessons of ecological rehabilitation in other areas.
Wenchuan Earthquake of 8.0 magnitude at Richter scale hit large region of Sichuan,China,on May 12,2008.The earthquake and earthquake-induced events such as landslides did serious damage to local vegetation and ecosystem.Although the ecological environment of disaster areas has been amended to a certain extent after two years of ecological rehabilitation,the ecological problem is still severe now,and there are long-term and plenty of assignments to be done.In order to provide reference for restoration,this paper summarizes two-year ecological rehabilitation in the disaster area,analyses experiences and lessons of ecological rehabilitation in other areas.
引文
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[2]Aronson J.Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems inarid and semi-arid Lands I.view from the South Restoration E-cology,1993,1(1):8～17.
[3]Berger J J.Ed.Ecological restoration in the San Francisco Bay AreaRestoring the Earth,Berkeley,199024、Bradshaw,A.D.Restora-tion:An acid test for ecology In:W.R.Ⅲ.Jordon,N.Gilpin&J.Aber eds Restoration Ecodogy:A synthetic Approach to Ecolog-ical Research.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1987,23～29.
[4]Cairns J Jr.Restoration ecology Encyclopedia of Environmental Bi-ology,1995,(3):223～235.
[5]Diamond J.Reflections on goals and on the relationship betweentheory and practice In:w.r.ⅢJordon,N.Gilpin and J.Abereds Restoration Ecology a synthetic Approach to Ecological Re-search Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1987,329～336.
[6]Gaynnor V.Prairie restoration on a corporate Site.Restoration andReclamation review.1990,(1):35～40.
[7]Henry C P,Amore C.Restoration ecology of river in wetland:AScientific base.Environmental Management 1995,19(6):891～902.
[8]Hobbs R J,Noorton D A.Towards a conceptual Frame Word forrestoration ecology.Restoration Ecology 1996,4(2):93～110.
[9]Jakson L L D.Lopoukine Hillgard D,Ecological Restoration:adefinition and comments.Restoration Ecology 1995,3(2):71～75.
[10]Mansfield B,Towns D.Lessons of the Islands:Restoration inNew Zealand Restoration and Management Notes,1997,15(2):150～154.
[11]包维楷,刘照光,刘庆.生态恢复重建研究与发展现状及存在的主要[J].世界科技研究与发展.2001,23(1):44～48.
[12]郭晓敏,等.江西省不同类型退化荒山生态系统植被恢复与重建措施[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):878～884.
[13]侯扶江等.黄土高原退耕地的生态恢复[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8)923～929.
[14]纪万斌.塌陷与生态[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[15]李贤伟,等.长江上游退化森林生态系统恢复与重建刍议[J].生态学报,2001,21(12):2117～2124.
[16]李永宏.内蒙古草原草场放牧退化模式研究及退化监测专家系统雏议[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(1):68～79.
[17]彭少麟.恢复生态学研究进展与我国发展战略生态安全与生态建设[M].北京:气象出版社,2002:90～97.
[18]任梅,彭少麟.恢复生态学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[19]石胜友,等.缙云山风灾迹地人工混交林生态恢复过程中物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2002,10(3)274～279.
[20]天国梁,等.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区植被恢复重建后的物种多样性[J].山地学报,2002,17(3):8～11.
[21]杨玉坡,等.高山营林手册[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1980.
[22]余作岳,彭少麟.热带亚热带退化生态系统植被恢复生态学研究[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1996.
[23]章家思,徐琪.恢复生态学研究的一些基本问题探讨[]J.应用生态学报,1999,10(1):109～102.
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