基于相关分析的飞行器地磁匹配算法仿真研究
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摘要
匹配算法是进行飞行器地磁辅助制导研究的重要内容之一.通过理论分析和借鉴地形匹配算法,采用了基于相关分析的地磁匹配算法,并介绍了几种常用的相关分析方法.分析了飞行器地磁匹配制导过程中可能的噪声来源,确定了主要噪声的模型.以测量数据作为基准图,以测量数据叠加各种噪声模拟实时图,对各种相关分析方法进行了匹配仿真.根据仿真结果,讨论了各种相关分析方法对不同噪声的敏感程度、匹配长度变化对各种相关分析方法的影响以及各种相关分析方法对飞行器地磁匹配制导的适用性,为相关分析方法的选择和对匹配算法进行更深入的研究奠定了一定基础.
The matching algorithm is one of the important research contents of geomagnetism-aided guidance for flying objects. The algorithm based on correlation analysis was adopted through theoretic analysis and using algorithm of terrain-aided guidance for reference, and the commonly used methods of correlation analysis were introduced. The sources of noises in geomagnetic contour matching for flying objects were analyzed and the models of main noises were established. Regarding the measured data as the reference map, and the reference map added models of noises the real map, simulations of algorithms through all kinds of methods of correlation analysis were done. The sensitivity degree of correlation analysis methods to noises, the effect of matching length on correlation analysis methods, and the applicability of correlation analysis methods to geomagnetism matching algorithm for flying objects were discussed according to the simulation results, which would offer a reference for the selection of correlation analysis methods and form a base for further deep studies on matching algorithms.
The matching algorithm is one of the important research contents of geomagnetism-aided guidance for flying objects. The algorithm based on correlation analysis was adopted through theoretic analysis and using algorithm of terrain-aided guidance for reference, and the commonly used methods of correlation analysis were introduced. The sources of noises in geomagnetic contour matching for flying objects were analyzed and the models of main noises were established. Regarding the measured data as the reference map, and the reference map added models of noises the real map, simulations of algorithms through all kinds of methods of correlation analysis were done. The sensitivity degree of correlation analysis methods to noises, the effect of matching length on correlation analysis methods, and the applicability of correlation analysis methods to geomagnetism matching algorithm for flying objects were discussed according to the simulation results, which would offer a reference for the selection of correlation analysis methods and form a base for further deep studies on matching algorithms.
引文
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[22] Gong H C.Development of terrain contour matching algorithm for the aided Inertial navigation using radial basis functions[J].Astron.Space Science,1998,15(1) :229-234．
[23] Priestley N.Terrain Referenced Navigation [A].In: IEEE PLANS'90[C].1990;482-489．
[24] 徐克虎.飞行器超低空飞行相关技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000． XU K H.Research on hedgehop technologies of flying objects [D].Nanjing: Nanhang University (in Chinese),2000．
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[27] 姜百汇.图像匹配技术在巡航导弹中的应用[J].战术导弹技术,2001(2) :54-57． Jiang B H.The application of image match technology to cruise missile [J].Technologies of tactical missiles (in Chinese) ,2001(2) : 54-57．
[28] 赵锋伟,李吉成,沈振康.景象匹配技术研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2002,24(12) :110-113． Zhao F W,Li J C,Shen Z K.Study of scene matching techniques[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics (in Chinese).2002,24(12) : 110-113．
[29] 管志宁.地磁场与磁力勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005． Guan Z N.Geomagnetic field and magnetic forcereconnaissance[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House,2005．
[30] 徐文耀.地磁学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003． Xu W Y.Geomagnetism [M].Beijing: Seismological Publishing House,2003．
[2] McLean S,Macmillan S.World Magnetic Model for 2005-2010 [R].NOAA Technical Report,NESDIS/NGDC-1,2005．
[3] 王亶文.IGRF在地磁研究中的应用[J]地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :558-561． Wang T W.The application of international geomagnetic reference field to the basic researches [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(2) : 558-561．
[4] 徐文耀,魏自刚,夏国辉.2000年中国地区地磁场长期变化的区域特征[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :551-560． Xu W Y.Wei Z G,Xia G H.Regional features of the secular variation of the geomagnetic field in China for 2000 [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3) :551-560．
[5] Mohammad N F.Nanosatellite navigation with the WMM2005 geomagnetic field model[J].Turkish Journal of Environmental Sciences,2006,30(1) :43-55．
[6] 王宇飞.基于地磁环境仿真系统的卫星导航算法研究[D]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006． Wang Y F.Satellite navigation algorithm based on geomagnetic environment simulation system[D].Haerbin:Haerbin Industrial University(in Chinese),2006．
[7] Goldenberg F.Geomagnetic navigation beyond the magnetic compass[J].Position Location and Navigation Symposium,2006,684-694 .
[8] Madrid A V,Melcon A A.Using genetic algorithms for compensating the local magnetic perturbation of a ship in the earth's magnetic field[J].Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,2005,47(3) :281-287．
[9] Rice H,Kelmenson S,Mendelsohn L.Geophysical navigation technologies and applications [A].In: Position Location and Navigation Symposium[C].2004,618-624．
[10] 刘颖.吴美平,胡小平,等.基于等直线约束的地磁匹配方法[J].空间科学学报,2007,27(6) :505-511． Liu Y,Wu M P,Hu X P,et al.Contour constraint based geomagnetic matching method[J].Chinese J.Space Science (in Chinese),2007,27(6) :505-511．
[11] 穆华,任治新,胡小平,等.船用惯性/地磁导航系统信息融合策略与性能[J].中国惯性技术学报,2007,15(3) :322-326． Mu H,Ren Z X,Hu X P,et al.Information fusion strategy and performance for marine Inertial/Geomagnetic navigation system[J].Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology (in Chinese),2007,15 (3) : 322-326．
[12] 杨功流,李士心,姜朝宇.地磁辅助惯性导航系统的数据融合算法[J]中国惯性技术学报.2007,15(1) :47-50． Yang G L,Li S X,Jiang Z Y.Data fusing algorithm in geomagnetic aided INS [J].Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology (in Chinese) ,2007,15(1) :47-50．
[13] 刘飞,周贤高,杨晔,等.相关地磁匹配定位技术[J].中国惯性技术学报.2007,15(1) :59-62． Liu F,Zhou X G,Yang Y,et al.Geomagnetic matching location using correlative method [J].Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology (in Chinese) ,2007,15(1) ,59-62．
[14] 孙杨.远程自主式水下航行器地磁图匹配算法研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006． Sun Y.Research on the geomagnetic map matching method of AUV [D].Changsha: National University of Defense Technology (in Chinese),2006．
[15] 彭富清,霍立业.海洋地球物理导航[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :758-764． Peng F Q,Huo L Y.Marine geophysical navigation[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22 (3) : 758-764．
[16] 彭富清.地磁模型与地磁导航[J].海洋测绘,2006,26(2) :73-75． Peng F Q.Geomagnetic model and geomagnetic navigation [J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting (in Chinese),2006,26(2) :73-75．
[17] 晏登洋.惯性/地磁组合导航技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2007． Yan D Y.Investigation on INS/GNS integrated navigation system[D].Xi'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University (in Chinese),2007．
[18] 李素敏,张万清.地磁场资源在匹配制导中的应用研究[J].制导与引信.2004,25(3) :19-21． Li S M,Zhang W Q.Study on the application of geomagnetic field contour in matching guidance[J].Guidance and Fuze (in Chinese),2004,25 (3) : 19-21．
[19] 乔玉坤,王仕成,张琪.地磁匹配特征量的选择[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2007,28(1) :42-47． Qiao Y K,Wang S C,Zhang Q.Selection of the characteristic variable of geomagnetism for matching [J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese),2007,28 (1) : 42-47．
[20] 乔玉坤,王仕成,张琪.地磁匹配制导技术应用于导弹武器系统的制约因素分析[J].飞航导弹,2006,(8) :39-41． Qiao Y K,Wang S C,Zhang Q.Analyses of Factors affecting the application of geomagnetic matching in missile systems[J].Cruise Missile(in Chinese),2006,(8) :39-41．
[21] 刘准.现代组合导航中的关键技术研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2003． Liu Z.Modern integrated navigation and its key technologies [D].Beijing: Beihang University (in Chinese) ,2003．
[22] Gong H C.Development of terrain contour matching algorithm for the aided Inertial navigation using radial basis functions[J].Astron.Space Science,1998,15(1) :229-234．
[23] Priestley N.Terrain Referenced Navigation [A].In: IEEE PLANS'90[C].1990;482-489．
[24] 徐克虎.飞行器超低空飞行相关技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000． XU K H.Research on hedgehop technologies of flying objects [D].Nanjing: Nanhang University (in Chinese),2000．
[25] Barid C A,Ahramson M R.A comparison of several digital map-aided navigation techniques[A].In: SchuItz P M,eds.IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium [C].1984:231-238．
[26] 常青.巡航导弹制导系统关键技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2003． Chang Q.Research on key technologies of guidance systems of cruise missiles [D].Xi'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University(in Chinese),2003．
[27] 姜百汇.图像匹配技术在巡航导弹中的应用[J].战术导弹技术,2001(2) :54-57． Jiang B H.The application of image match technology to cruise missile [J].Technologies of tactical missiles (in Chinese) ,2001(2) : 54-57．
[28] 赵锋伟,李吉成,沈振康.景象匹配技术研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2002,24(12) :110-113． Zhao F W,Li J C,Shen Z K.Study of scene matching techniques[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics (in Chinese).2002,24(12) : 110-113．
[29] 管志宁.地磁场与磁力勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005． Guan Z N.Geomagnetic field and magnetic forcereconnaissance[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House,2005．
[30] 徐文耀.地磁学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003． Xu W Y.Geomagnetism [M].Beijing: Seismological Publishing House,2003．
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