隧道中用陆地声纳法在开挖的岩面或衬砌表面测围岩松弛带深度
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摘要
陆地声纳法在浅层勘查、隧道地质预报等方面已有大量应用,它可用锤击震源在隧道壁测量围岩松弛带的深度,经与双孔对穿声波测量法对比,二者所测结果相符。陆地声纳法现场采集简便,所需时间远少于声波测量法,还可在钢筋混凝土衬砌完成后进行。陆地声纳法可在围岩面、喷层表面或衬砌表面测出松弛带的界线及其反射时,并用折射波法或共中心点法测出松弛带岩体的平均波速,由此计算松弛带的深度。
Landsonar method,is a new survey method that has been successfully used in shallow layer survey and geological prediction of condition before of tunnel working face. It can be used to detect the depth of relaxation zone of surrounding rock of a tunnel with a wave source induced by hammering on the surface of rock or lining. The results by landsonar method and acoustic wave measurement method with boreholes are compared,which shows that they are consistent. In the detection of the depth of relaxation zone of surrounding rock by landsonar method,the geophones are set near by the wave source point. The measuring stations are arranged in a measuring line of 2-4 m long with a distance of 20-30 cm to one another. The data of all stations in a line are treated to a time-section on that the reflection image of the boundary line of relaxation zone can be clearly differentiated. Wave velocity can be measured by refracted wave method or common center point method on surface of rock mass or lining;and the depth of the boundary line of the relaxation zone can be calculated. Landsonar is more time-saving and convenient because it does not need boreholes which are needed in acoustic wave measurement method.
Landsonar method,is a new survey method that has been successfully used in shallow layer survey and geological prediction of condition before of tunnel working face. It can be used to detect the depth of relaxation zone of surrounding rock of a tunnel with a wave source induced by hammering on the surface of rock or lining. The results by landsonar method and acoustic wave measurement method with boreholes are compared,which shows that they are consistent. In the detection of the depth of relaxation zone of surrounding rock by landsonar method,the geophones are set near by the wave source point. The measuring stations are arranged in a measuring line of 2-4 m long with a distance of 20-30 cm to one another. The data of all stations in a line are treated to a time-section on that the reflection image of the boundary line of relaxation zone can be clearly differentiated. Wave velocity can be measured by refracted wave method or common center point method on surface of rock mass or lining;and the depth of the boundary line of the relaxation zone can be calculated. Landsonar is more time-saving and convenient because it does not need boreholes which are needed in acoustic wave measurement method.
引文
[1]钟世航.隧道围岩自承体系的形成及发展[J].铁道工程学报,1994,9:678–684.(Zhong shihang.The formation and developing of the Self-supporting system in the surrounding rock of a tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Tunneling,1994,9:678–684.(in Chinese))
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[7]钟世航.陆地声纳法——一种弹性波反射新方法[A].见:中国地球物理学会年刊[C].北京:地震出版社,1992.171.(Zhong shihang.Landsonar—a new method of shallow reflection of elastic wave[A].In:Annual of the Chinese Geophysical Society,The9th Annual Meeting[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.171.(in Chinese))
[8]钟世航.陆地声纳法的原理及其在铁路地质勘测和隧道施工中的应用[J].中国铁道科学,1995,16(4):48–55.(Zhong shihang.The principle and application of landsonar method in railway geological survey and tunnel construction[J].China Railway Science,1995,16(4):48–55.(in Chinese))
[9]钟世航.用陆地声纳法与微分电测深结合探查岩溶、洞穴[J].物探与化探,2003,27(3):240–243.(Zhong Shihang.The combination of landsonar and differential electrical sounding for the exploration of karst and underground caves[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,27(3):240–243.(in Chinese))
[10]柴华友,汪江波,周一勤,等.瑞利波分析方法及应用进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1):119–125.(Chai Huayou,Wang Jiangbo,Zhou Yiqin,et al.Progress of rayleigh wave analysis method and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(1):119–125.(in Chinese))
[11]吴庆曾,贺颢,陈卫,等.浅议反射法混凝土厚度检测[J].物探与化探,2003,27(3):232–236.(Wu Qingzeng,He Hao,Chen Weihong,et al.A tentative discussion on the application of reflection methd to the detection of concrete thickness[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,exploration,2003,27(3):232–236.(in Chinese))
[2]钟世航.并行隧道超小净距施工技术[J].世界隧道,2000,10:32–36.(Zhong shihang.Construction technique for parallel tunnels with super-small interval[J].Tunneling and Underground Works,2000,10:32–36.(in Chinese))
[3]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.铁路隧道施工规范(TB10204–2002)[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.(The Professional Standard Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Code for Construction on Tunnl of Railway(TB10204–2002)[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2002.(in Chinese))
[4]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.公路隧道施工技术规范(JTJ042–94)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1994.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Tunnel(JTJ042–94)[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[5]朱维申,李术才,白世伟,等.开挖支护的时空变载分析原理及工程实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增1):2168–2171.(ZhuWeisheng,Li Shucai,Bai Shiwei,et al.Analyzing principle of time-space variating loading and case history[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.1):2168–2171.(in Chinese))
[6]陈仲候,王兴泰,杜世行.工程与环境物探教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.(Chen Zhonghou,Wang Xingtai,Du Shihang,et al.Coure of Engineering and Environmental Exploration Geophysics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.(in Chinese))
[7]钟世航.陆地声纳法——一种弹性波反射新方法[A].见:中国地球物理学会年刊[C].北京:地震出版社,1992.171.(Zhong shihang.Landsonar—a new method of shallow reflection of elastic wave[A].In:Annual of the Chinese Geophysical Society,The9th Annual Meeting[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.171.(in Chinese))
[8]钟世航.陆地声纳法的原理及其在铁路地质勘测和隧道施工中的应用[J].中国铁道科学,1995,16(4):48–55.(Zhong shihang.The principle and application of landsonar method in railway geological survey and tunnel construction[J].China Railway Science,1995,16(4):48–55.(in Chinese))
[9]钟世航.用陆地声纳法与微分电测深结合探查岩溶、洞穴[J].物探与化探,2003,27(3):240–243.(Zhong Shihang.The combination of landsonar and differential electrical sounding for the exploration of karst and underground caves[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,27(3):240–243.(in Chinese))
[10]柴华友,汪江波,周一勤,等.瑞利波分析方法及应用进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1):119–125.(Chai Huayou,Wang Jiangbo,Zhou Yiqin,et al.Progress of rayleigh wave analysis method and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(1):119–125.(in Chinese))
[11]吴庆曾,贺颢,陈卫,等.浅议反射法混凝土厚度检测[J].物探与化探,2003,27(3):232–236.(Wu Qingzeng,He Hao,Chen Weihong,et al.A tentative discussion on the application of reflection methd to the detection of concrete thickness[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,exploration,2003,27(3):232–236.(in Chinese))
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