青藏高原北部不冻泉移动冰丘及灾害效应
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摘要
不冻泉移动冰丘发育于青藏高原北部常年冻土区断裂破碎带,2001年仅在青藏公路东南侧形成1个小型冰丘,2002年在青藏公路西北侧形成低矮冰丘群,2004-2005年发展成为大型冰丘群,2006年移动冰丘的发育高度和分布范围进一步增大。不冻泉移动冰丘不仅穿刺青藏公路路基,破坏青藏公路桥涵结构,蚕食青藏公路路堤,影响青藏公路的交通安全;而且导致输油管道拱曲变形,诱发地面塌陷和地裂缝,产生显著的灾害效应。采用适当的工程措施,通过地下疏导或地表排放沿断裂破碎带上涌的地下泉水,能够有效减轻或防治不冻泉移动冰丘的灾害效应。
Budongquan migrating pingos form within NE-trending active faults in the permafrost north Tibetan Plateau.Only one small pingo formed in southeast margin of Golmud-Lhasa highway in 2001,and the pingos migrated to northwest of the highway along the buried Budongquan fault zone in 2002.The pingos migrated to northeast section of Budongquan valley and changed to larger-scale pingo groups in 2004-2005.And scale,height and covering area of Budongquan migrating pingos further increased in 2006.Budongquan migrating pingos not only piered and etched the highway,but also destructed the culvert,depressed ground surface,bended oil-pipeline and formed ground fracture zones.Hazards of Budongquan migrating pingos can be decreased or protected by taking engineering measures as building underground water conduits or draining off the upward rushing spring water near ground surface.
Budongquan migrating pingos form within NE-trending active faults in the permafrost north Tibetan Plateau.Only one small pingo formed in southeast margin of Golmud-Lhasa highway in 2001,and the pingos migrated to northwest of the highway along the buried Budongquan fault zone in 2002.The pingos migrated to northeast section of Budongquan valley and changed to larger-scale pingo groups in 2004-2005.And scale,height and covering area of Budongquan migrating pingos further increased in 2006.Budongquan migrating pingos not only piered and etched the highway,but also destructed the culvert,depressed ground surface,bended oil-pipeline and formed ground fracture zones.Hazards of Budongquan migrating pingos can be decreased or protected by taking engineering measures as building underground water conduits or draining off the upward rushing spring water near ground surface.
引文
[1]胡海涛,任国林,孙存煜.青南—藏北高原多年冻土区近代冻融物理地质现象的类型及其特征[M]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:101-112.
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[5]吴珍汉,吴中海,张永双,等.青海西南部乌丽活动断裂系的地质特征及灾害效应[J].地质通报,2003,22(6):437-444.
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[17]吴章明.西藏高原震中分布与活动断层[J].地震研究,1992,15(2):57-64.
[18]Lin A im ing,Fu B ihong,Guo Jianm ing,et al.Co-seism ic strike-slip and rupture length produced by the 2001 M s 8.1 CentralKun lun Earthquake[J].Science,2002,296:2015-2017.
[19]W u Zhenhan,Barosh P J,Hu Daogong,et al.Hazards posed byactive major fau lts along the Golmud-Lhasa railway route,TibetanP lateau,Ch ina[J].Engineering Geology,2004,74:163-182.
[20]Cheng Guodong.Progress of research on permanent freezing andunderground ice of h igh elevation areas[J].Bu lletin of Scienceof Ch ina,1990,35(9):1441-1443.
[21]吴珍汉,胡道功,吴中海.青藏铁路沿线的地裂缝及工程影响[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):165-176.
[22]吴中海,吴珍汉,韩金良.青藏铁路风火山段晚第四纪断裂活动分析[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):181-189.
[23]胡道功,欧阳永龙,叶培盛.东昆仑断裂粘滑错动对青藏铁路变形效应的数值模拟[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):176-181.
[2]吴珍汉,吴中海,胡道功,等.青藏铁路沿线活动断裂与地质灾害图集[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[3]W u Zhenhan,Barosh P J,Hu Daogong,et al.M igrating p ingosin the permafrost region of the Tibetan P lateau,Ch ina and theirhazard along the Golmud-Lhasa railway[J].Engineering Geolo-gy,2005,79:267-287.
[4]吴珍汉,叶培盛,吴中海,等.青藏铁路沿线活动断裂的灾害效应[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):1-7.
[5]吴珍汉,吴中海,张永双,等.青海西南部乌丽活动断裂系的地质特征及灾害效应[J].地质通报,2003,22(6):437-444.
[6]胡海涛,许贵森.青南—藏北高原的构造体系及其对地下水的控制[M].//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:1-40.
[7]王邵令.青藏高原清水河两岸的冻胀丘[J].冰川冻土,1981,3(3):58-62.
[8]樊溶河,袁成林.藏北高原央尕尔纳茸谷地构造复合部位泉水和冰丘的形成分布规律[M]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:52-57.
[9]尚建义,丁家光.青藏公路62道班冰丘的形成条件及其发展规律[M]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:113-118.
[10]易明初.青藏线(格尔木—不冻泉)晚近构造及其对道路工程建设的影响[M]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:119-129.
[11]吴珍汉,胡道功,吴中海,等.青藏高原中段活动断层及诱发地质灾害[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.
[12]郭东信.地质构造对多年冻土的影响[J].地理科学,1985,5(2):97-105.
[13]Molnar P,Tapponn ier P.Active tecton ics of Tibet[J].Journalof Geophysical Research,1978,83:5361-5375.
[14]Tapponn ier P,Molnar P.Active fau lting and tecton ics of Ch ina[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82:2905-2930.
[15]K idd W S F,Molnar P.Quaternary and present active faults ofLha-sa-Golmud of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Philosophical Transaction ofRoyal Society of London(Series A),1990,327:332-352.
[16]Arm ijo R,Tapponn ier P,Han T.Late Cenozoic right-lateralstrike-slip fau lting in southern Tibet[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1989,94:2787-2838.
[17]吴章明.西藏高原震中分布与活动断层[J].地震研究,1992,15(2):57-64.
[18]Lin A im ing,Fu B ihong,Guo Jianm ing,et al.Co-seism ic strike-slip and rupture length produced by the 2001 M s 8.1 CentralKun lun Earthquake[J].Science,2002,296:2015-2017.
[19]W u Zhenhan,Barosh P J,Hu Daogong,et al.Hazards posed byactive major fau lts along the Golmud-Lhasa railway route,TibetanP lateau,Ch ina[J].Engineering Geology,2004,74:163-182.
[20]Cheng Guodong.Progress of research on permanent freezing andunderground ice of h igh elevation areas[J].Bu lletin of Scienceof Ch ina,1990,35(9):1441-1443.
[21]吴珍汉,胡道功,吴中海.青藏铁路沿线的地裂缝及工程影响[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):165-176.
[22]吴中海,吴珍汉,韩金良.青藏铁路风火山段晚第四纪断裂活动分析[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):181-189.
[23]胡道功,欧阳永龙,叶培盛.东昆仑断裂粘滑错动对青藏铁路变形效应的数值模拟[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):176-181.
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