青藏铁路西大滩—拉萨地段活动构造、地质灾害及其工程评价
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摘要
本文是作者在 1 975～ 1 977年间青藏铁路 (格尔木—那曲地段 )沿线水文地质、工程地质调查所获资料基础上 ,参考了后期他人在该区段研究的成果撰写而成。文中主要涉及活动构造、地质灾害及工程评价三大部分 ,其中特别是活动构造部分 ,除了所表现的一般标志外 ,重点探讨了活动构造与现代地震和古地震的关系、活动构造带与地震构造带的对应关系、活动断裂的活动年龄及其活动速率、活动断裂与地震地表破裂以及主要地震构造带中的地震活动周期等诸多方面的问题 ,并结合铁路沿线地质灾害类型 ,在综合分析基础上 ,首次较系统地将铁路沿线工程地质评价划分为 :①良好的 ;②一般的 ;③不良好的和④极不良好的等四大类型工程地质地段 ,从而为现今青藏铁路建设进一步详查和评价提供了重要依据。
Based on the field survey for hydrogeology and engineering geology along the Qinghai—Tibet Railway made in 1975～1977,consulting the results obtained recently by the other people,the active tectonics,geological hazards and the engineering assessment on the Qinghai—Tibet Railway are expounded in the paper.The relationship between active tectonics and modern and fossil earthquakes,the relationship between active structural belt and earthquakes structural belt,dating of active faults and their active rate,the relationship between active fault and earthquake surface rupture,the earthquake period in the main earthquake structural belts are placed emphasis on. According to above mentioned active faults and earthquakes,in consideration of the geological hazards,the 4 types of section of engineering geology of the Xidatan—Lahsa Section along Qinghai—Tibet Railway are given in the paper.They are ①good;②general;③bad;④extremely bad.
Based on the field survey for hydrogeology and engineering geology along the Qinghai—Tibet Railway made in 1975～1977,consulting the results obtained recently by the other people,the active tectonics,geological hazards and the engineering assessment on the Qinghai—Tibet Railway are expounded in the paper.The relationship between active tectonics and modern and fossil earthquakes,the relationship between active structural belt and earthquakes structural belt,dating of active faults and their active rate,the relationship between active fault and earthquake surface rupture,the earthquake period in the main earthquake structural belts are placed emphasis on. According to above mentioned active faults and earthquakes,in consideration of the geological hazards,the 4 types of section of engineering geology of the Xidatan—Lahsa Section along Qinghai—Tibet Railway are given in the paper.They are ①good;②general;③bad;④extremely bad.
引文
[1] 曾秋生.青海地震综合研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.2,13～14,24～25,29,54～57,89,96～97.
[2] 韩同林.西藏活动构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.18,77,80.
[3] 崔瑞芝,等.唐古拉山断裂带中段地震活动特征[A].青藏高原地震文集[C].西宁:青海人民出版社,1986.113～117.
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[8] 易明初.青藏线(格尔木—不冻泉)挽近构造及其对道路工程建设的影响[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.129.
[9] 胡海涛,等.青南—藏北高原多年冻土地区近代冻融物理地质现象的类型及其特征[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.102～104.
[10] 张治安.青藏高原的多年冻土[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.85.
[11] 樊溶河,等.青藏高原多年冻土区的水文地质特征[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.60.
[12] 胡海涛,等.青藏公路沿线(格尔木—安多)的区域工程地质特征[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.142.
[13] 易明初.重大工程选区工程活断裂调查要点及评价刍议[J].地质力学学报,2002.8(1):50～56.
[14] 胡海涛.区域地壳稳定性评价的“安全岛”理论及方法[J].地质力学学报,2001.7(2):97～103.
[2] 韩同林.西藏活动构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.18,77,80.
[3] 崔瑞芝,等.唐古拉山断裂带中段地震活动特征[A].青藏高原地震文集[C].西宁:青海人民出版社,1986.113～117.
[4] 国家地震局地质研究所.西藏中部活动断裂[M ].北京:地震出版社,1992.35～36,42,56,96,108,118,121,124,136,140,144,165,172～173.
[5] 胡海涛,易明初.青藏铁路沿线(格尔木—那曲)的区域稳定性[A].全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集[C].北京:科学出版社,1983.16.
[6] 易明初.青藏高原格拉地段的挽近构造活动及隆起运动初探[A].中国地质科学院地质力学研究所刊(1)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.69.
[7] 易明初.昆仑山垭口盆地第四纪构造运动[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1983.100.
[8] 易明初.青藏线(格尔木—不冻泉)挽近构造及其对道路工程建设的影响[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.129.
[9] 胡海涛,等.青南—藏北高原多年冻土地区近代冻融物理地质现象的类型及其特征[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.102～104.
[10] 张治安.青藏高原的多年冻土[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.85.
[11] 樊溶河,等.青藏高原多年冻土区的水文地质特征[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.60.
[12] 胡海涛,等.青藏公路沿线(格尔木—安多)的区域工程地质特征[A].青藏高原地质文集(5)[C].北京:地质出版社,1982.142.
[13] 易明初.重大工程选区工程活断裂调查要点及评价刍议[J].地质力学学报,2002.8(1):50～56.
[14] 胡海涛.区域地壳稳定性评价的“安全岛”理论及方法[J].地质力学学报,2001.7(2):97～103.
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