汽车磁流变减振器阻尼特性理论计算与试验
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摘要
从研究的实用性和结构的可行性出发,建立较为精确的磁流变减振器动力学模型是设计控制策略和获得良好控制效果的关键因素之一。根据车辆悬架的各种要求,设计和分析磁流变减振器的各参数对阻尼特性的影响对于现代汽车设计来说是非常必要的。根据汽车减振的要求和磁路设计原则,设计出单输出杆阻尼孔式汽车磁流变减振器。基于流体力学理论和磁流变液流变特性,详细推导出磁流变减振器的阻尼力理论计算模型。对磁流变减振器的阻尼特性进行理论分析和计算,并探讨减振器各结构参数对减振器阻尼特性的影响。最后采用试验测试磁流变减振器的速度特性,得到不同电流输入时阻尼力与速度的关系曲线,试验测试的结果和理论计算基本吻合。采用流体力学理论推导出的磁流变减振器力学模型能为建立减振器控制模型提供可靠的理论指导。
From the view point of practical research and feasible structure,the establishment of an accurate mechanical model for the magnetorheological damper is one of the key factors for designing control strategy to obtain good control effect.According to various requirements of the vehicle suspension,computation and analysis of the effects of all parameters of magnetorheological damper on the damping characteristic are necessary for the design of modern vehicles.According to the requirements of vehicle damper and the principle of magnetic circuit,a magnetorheological damper of single output bar and damping hole type is designed. Based on the fluid mechanics theory and the theological characteristics of magnetorheological fluid,a theoretical calculation model for the damping force of magnetorheological damper is deduced.The characteristics of the magnetorheological damper are analyzed and calculated,and the influence of the damper structural parameters on the damping characteristics is studied.The velocity characteristics of the magetorheological damper from the experiment are adopted and the damping force-velocity curves at different current outputs are obtained.The test results are in agreement with the theoretical calculation values.The mechanical model of magnetorheological damper deduced by adopting fluid mechanics theory can provide reliable theoretical direction for the establishment of the damper control model.
From the view point of practical research and feasible structure,the establishment of an accurate mechanical model for the magnetorheological damper is one of the key factors for designing control strategy to obtain good control effect.According to various requirements of the vehicle suspension,computation and analysis of the effects of all parameters of magnetorheological damper on the damping characteristic are necessary for the design of modern vehicles.According to the requirements of vehicle damper and the principle of magnetic circuit,a magnetorheological damper of single output bar and damping hole type is designed. Based on the fluid mechanics theory and the theological characteristics of magnetorheological fluid,a theoretical calculation model for the damping force of magnetorheological damper is deduced.The characteristics of the magnetorheological damper are analyzed and calculated,and the influence of the damper structural parameters on the damping characteristics is studied.The velocity characteristics of the magetorheological damper from the experiment are adopted and the damping force-velocity curves at different current outputs are obtained.The test results are in agreement with the theoretical calculation values.The mechanical model of magnetorheological damper deduced by adopting fluid mechanics theory can provide reliable theoretical direction for the establishment of the damper control model.
引文
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[2]DYKE S J.Seismic protection of a benchmark building using magnetorheological dampers[C/CD].Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference on Structural Control.Kyoto: 1998.
[3]张进秋，刘义乐，师文涛，等．车用磁流变减振器动力性能实验分析[J]．装甲兵工程学院学报，2006，20(2)：1-7．ZHANG Jinqiu,LIU Yile,SHI Wentao,et al.Experiments and analysis for the dynamic performance of damper using Magnetorheological fluid in vehicle[J].Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering,2006,20(2):1-7.
[4]汪建晓，孟光．磁流变液阻尼器用于振动控制的理论及试验研究[J]．振动与冲击，2001，20(2)：39-46．WANG Jianxiao,MENG Guang.Theoretical and experimental study on the vibration control by magneto-rbeological fluid dampers[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2001,20 (2):39-46.
[5]翁建生，胡海岩，张庙康．基于磁流变阻尼器的车辆悬架系统模糊半主动控制[J]．南京工业大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，24(1)：57-61．WENG Jiansheng,HU Haiyan,ZHANG Miaokang.Fuzzy semi-active control of vehicle suspension system based on magnet-orheological damper[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2002, 24(1):57-61.
[6]GAMOTA D R,FILISKO F E.Dynamic mechanical studies of electrorheological materials:moderate frequencies [J].Journal of Rheoiogy,1991,35:399-425.
[7]周强，瞿伟廉．磁流变阻尼器的两种力学模型和试验验证[J]．地震工程与工程振动，2002，22(4)：144-150．ZHOU Qiang,QU Weilian.Two mechanic models for magnetorheological damper and corresponding test verification[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(4):144-150.
[8]YANG Guangqiang.Large-scale magnetorheological fluid damper for vibration mitigation:modeling,testing and control[D].Indiana:University of Notre Dame,2003.
[9]王修勇，陈政清，倪一清，等．斜拉桥拉索磁流变阻尼器减振技术研究[J]．中国公路学报，2003,16(2)：52-56．WANG Xiuyong,CHEN Zhengqing,NI Yiqing,et al. Study of mitigating cables vibration on the cable-stayed bridges using magnetorbeological(MR)dampers[J].China. Journal of Highway and Transport,2003,16(2):52-56.
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