平导对控制高应力隧道围岩变形的作用机理分析
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摘要
传统意义上,平行导洞的作用在于为正洞开挖探明地质,并通过一系列横通道实现正洞"长隧短打"。此工艺不仅具有分部开挖的特点,还可利用导洞解决排水问题,导洞挖通后,还可改善洞内通风条件。研究的堡镇隧道右线出口高地应力环境下软弱围岩中的平行导洞,围岩变形量大,变形速率大,变形持续时间长,隧道破坏严重。主要表现为拱顶下沉、边墙内挤、喷混凝土剥落、钢拱架扭曲、底鼓及仰拱开裂翘起、衬砌开裂等,变形破坏具有不均匀性和不对称性。与平导围岩变形特征相反,平导扩挖时的变形特征具有均匀性和对称性。从工程岩体二次演化、应力场二次演化以及平导围岩和平导扩挖围岩变形破坏特征等方面进行分析,提出了平行导洞在穿越高地应力软岩中能释放应力、减弱正洞围岩变形的破坏程度。
In tradition,parallel pilot is used for exploring geologic condition before excavation tunnel,and adding working face through cross entryway.It performs not only cutting partial section,but also settling drain problem.After parallel pilot is cut through,it can improve ventilating condition.Research on the parallel pilot of right line outlet in Baozhen tunnel,the monitoring data shows that deformation was rapid with long duration,intense deformation and serious failure happened.For example,roof subsidence,wall crushing,shotcrete flaking,S-shape twisted steel support,broken lining,floor upheaval,invert crazing and lots of cracks distributed everywhere,the deformation characters of surrounding rocks present inhomogeneity and asymmetry.Reverse to pilot,the deformation characters of enlarging pilot present homogeneity and symmetry.Analyzing through twice evolution of surrounding rocks and earth stress as well as deformation characteristics,draw a conclusion that parallel pilot can release stress and reduce deformation during tunnel construction in soft rock with high earth stress.
In tradition,parallel pilot is used for exploring geologic condition before excavation tunnel,and adding working face through cross entryway.It performs not only cutting partial section,but also settling drain problem.After parallel pilot is cut through,it can improve ventilating condition.Research on the parallel pilot of right line outlet in Baozhen tunnel,the monitoring data shows that deformation was rapid with long duration,intense deformation and serious failure happened.For example,roof subsidence,wall crushing,shotcrete flaking,S-shape twisted steel support,broken lining,floor upheaval,invert crazing and lots of cracks distributed everywhere,the deformation characters of surrounding rocks present inhomogeneity and asymmetry.Reverse to pilot,the deformation characters of enlarging pilot present homogeneity and symmetry.Analyzing through twice evolution of surrounding rocks and earth stress as well as deformation characteristics,draw a conclusion that parallel pilot can release stress and reduce deformation during tunnel construction in soft rock with high earth stress.
引文
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2郑雨天.岩石力学的弹塑粘性理论基础.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1988
3伍法权.统计岩体力学基础.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993
4孙广忠.岩体结构力学.北京:科学出版社,1988
5宋建波,张倬元,于远忠,等.岩体经验强度准则及其在地质工程中的应用.北京:地质出版社,2002
6秦娟,耿克勤.节理岩体的代表单元集合体模型及弹性参数预测.水利学报,2001;9:45—50
7 Pouya A,Ghoreychi M.Determination of rock mass strength proper-ties by homogenization.Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech.2001;25:1285—1303
8夏才初,孙宗颀.工程岩体节理力学.上海:同济大学出版社,2002
9朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学.北京:科学出版社,1995
10(英国)古德曼R.E.不连续岩体中的地质工程方法.北方交通大学隧道与地质教研室译,北京:中国铁道出版社,1980
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