高黎贡山深埋隧道地应力特征及岩爆模拟试验
摘要
以中国西南地区地质作用最复杂的高黎贡山越岭隧道为例,在隧道工程地质条件分析的基础上,对最可能发生岩爆的花岗斑岩进行真三轴岩石力学试验测试,并结合原位地应力测量结果,确定不同工况下岩爆模拟试验的三向应力量值和加载、卸载方式。岩爆模拟试验结果表明,单纯卸载和卸载–加载方式都可以出现岩爆,但卸载–加载方式的岩爆明显比单一卸载方式的岩爆要强烈,说明隧道开挖后二次应力分布引起的应力集中对岩爆的发生起着十分重要的作用。岩爆破坏过程通常具有渐进性,一般先在试件表面出现岩屑剥落,有时伴有裂纹的扩展,最后才会发生岩块的弹射现象。绝大多数试件岩爆具有明显的滞后性,表现为加载或卸载一段时间后才发生岩爆;而岩爆过程持续时间却非常短(1 s左右),具有明显的瞬时性。声发射监测结果显示,花岗斑岩在外部荷载作用下声发射强烈,对岩爆具有较好的前兆性。上述模拟结果和认识对于地质条件复杂的造山带深埋隧道工程建设具有重要的参考价值。
Taking a deep-buried tunnel in Gaoligong mountain in Southwest China where the geological action is most complex for example,on the basis of tunnel engineering geological condition analysis,the true triaxial compression tests have been performed on granophyre samples because rockburst most probably occurs.According to the in-situ geostress data,the triaxial stress values and loading or unloading styles of rockburst experiment are determined under different working conditions.The experimental results reveal that both unloading and loading-unloading styles can lead to rockburst,but the rockburst intensity of the latter is higher than that of the former,which indicates that the geostress centralization caused by secondary stress distribution has important influence on the rockburst.The process of rockburst usually has a character of gradual ruptures,howing that debris flaked off from the sample surface at first,sometimes accompanying with crack propagation,and the block shooting occurs finally.Most test samples show obviously lagging,which means that rockburst always retards after a period of time when loading or unloading.But the rockburst process only lasts for very short time(about 1 s),showing obvious instantaneous character.The sound radiation monitoring data show that the granophyre samples have extensive sound radiation under outer loading process,which can be a useful factor for rockbust prediction.All above simulation test results and relevant realizations have important significance for deep-buried tunnel construction in the orogen with complicated geological condition.
Taking a deep-buried tunnel in Gaoligong mountain in Southwest China where the geological action is most complex for example,on the basis of tunnel engineering geological condition analysis,the true triaxial compression tests have been performed on granophyre samples because rockburst most probably occurs.According to the in-situ geostress data,the triaxial stress values and loading or unloading styles of rockburst experiment are determined under different working conditions.The experimental results reveal that both unloading and loading-unloading styles can lead to rockburst,but the rockburst intensity of the latter is higher than that of the former,which indicates that the geostress centralization caused by secondary stress distribution has important influence on the rockburst.The process of rockburst usually has a character of gradual ruptures,howing that debris flaked off from the sample surface at first,sometimes accompanying with crack propagation,and the block shooting occurs finally.Most test samples show obviously lagging,which means that rockburst always retards after a period of time when loading or unloading.But the rockburst process only lasts for very short time(about 1 s),showing obvious instantaneous character.The sound radiation monitoring data show that the granophyre samples have extensive sound radiation under outer loading process,which can be a useful factor for rockbust prediction.All above simulation test results and relevant realizations have important significance for deep-buried tunnel construction in the orogen with complicated geological condition.
引文
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[16]李廷芥,王耀辉,张梅英,等.岩石裂纹的分形特征及岩爆机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1):6–10.(LI Tingjie,WANG Yaohui,ZHANG Meiying,et al.Fractal properties of crack in rock and mechanism of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(1):6–10.(in Chinese))
[2]李天斌,肖学沛.地下工程岩爆预测的综合集成方法[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(5):533–540.(LI Tianbin,XIAO Xuepei.Comprehensively integrated methods of rockburst prediction in underground engineering[J].Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(5):533–540.(in Chinese))
[3]徐则民,黄润秋,范柱国,等.长大隧道岩爆灾害研究进展[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(2):16–24.(XU Zemin,HUANG Runqiu,FAN Zhuguo,et al.Progress in research on rockburst hazard of long tunnel with large section[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,13(2):16–24.(in Chinese))
[4]BAGDE M N,PETOR A V.Fatigue properties of intact sandstone samples subjected to dynamic uniaxial cyclical loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(2):237–250.
[5]CHEON D S,JEON S,PARK C,et al.An experimental study of the brittle failure under true triaxial conditions[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(3):448–449.
[6]徐林生.地下工程岩爆发生条件研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,2005,24(3):31–34.(XU Linsheng.Research of rockburst formation condition in underground engineering[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2005,24(3):31–34.(in Chinese))
[7]郭啟良,伍法权,钱卫平,等.乌鞘岭长大深埋隧道围岩变形与地应力关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(11):2 194–2 199.(GUO Qiliang,WU Faquan,QIAN Weiping,et al.Study of relationship between deformation of surrounding rock and in-situ stress in Wushaoling deep-buried railway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(11):2 194–2 199.(in Chinese))
[8]谭成轩,张鹏,郑汉淮,等.雅砻江锦屏一级水电站坝址区实测地应力与重大工程地质问题分析[J].工程地质学报,2007,16(2):162–168.(TAN Chengxuan,ZHANG Peng,ZHEN Hanhuai,et al.An analysis of in-situ crustal stress measurements and major engineering geology issues at the dam site area of Jinping first stage hydropower station[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,16(2):162–168.(in Chinese))
[9]冒海军,杨春和,刘江,等.板岩蠕变特性试验研究与模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1 204–1 209.(MAO Haijun,YANG Chunhe,LIU Jiang,et al.Testing study and modeling analysis of creep behavior of slates[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1 204–1 209.(in Chinese))
[10]何满潮,苗金丽,李德建.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865–876.(HE Manchao,MIAO Jinli,LI Dejian.Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865–876.(in Chinese))
[11]谢富仁,祝景忠,粱海庆.中国西南地区现代构造应力场基本特征[J].地震学报,1993,15(4):407–417.(XIE Furen,ZHU Jingzhong,LIANG Haiqing.General characteristic of recent tectonic stress field in northwest of China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1993,15(4):407–417.(in Chinese))
[12]李渝生,王士天.中国西南地区挽近期地壳构造应力场的演化历史及成因机制[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(1):9–12.(LI Yusheng,WANG Shitian.The evolution and genetic mechanism of crust tectonic stress field since late Cenozoic in southwest of China[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2002,13(1):9–12.(in Chinese))
[13]谭成轩,石玲,孙炜锋,等.构造应力面研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3 970–3 978.(TAN Chengxuan,SHI Ling,SUN Weifeng,et al.Research on tectonic stress plane[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 970–3 978.(in Chinese))
[14]TAN C X,WANG R J,SUN Y,et al.Numerical modeling estimation of the tectonic stress plane(TSP)beneath topography with quasi-U-shaped valleys[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(2):303–310.
[15]陈景涛,冯夏庭.高地应力条件下岩石的真三轴实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1 537–1 543.(CHEN Jingtao,FENG Xiating.True triaxial experimental study on rock with high geostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(8):1 537–1 543.(in Chinese))
[16]李廷芥,王耀辉,张梅英,等.岩石裂纹的分形特征及岩爆机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1):6–10.(LI Tingjie,WANG Yaohui,ZHANG Meiying,et al.Fractal properties of crack in rock and mechanism of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(1):6–10.(in Chinese))
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