青岛小间距海底隧道施工优化的有限差分分析
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摘要
介绍青岛胶州湾湾口海底隧道的工程概况和国内小间距隧道的研究现状。由位于断层破碎带f3-1中的典型断面ZK5+607的几何参数和地质资料构建三维尺寸为215.0m×86.1m×100.0m的数值计算模型,考虑混凝土衬砌,而钢拱架则以等效方法折算给混凝土衬砌。根据各条隧道开挖支护施工步的空间时间关系、工作面开挖方法、掘进进尺、各掌子面空间间距和覆盖层厚度等多种因素制定12种施工方案并用FLAC3D进行相应的三维数值计算。分析特定方案下3条隧道工作面后拱顶下沉量随与相应掌子面距离逐渐增大时的变化曲线后得到有益于施工和现场监测的结论。通过对比各方案的隧道工作面拱顶下沉量、衬砌最大压应力、相互扰动情况以及塑性区体积等因素,对施工方案进行优选。给出多个覆盖层厚度情况的对比,从而验证覆盖层厚度建议值的合理性。最后,通过分析小间距隧道施工相互扰动程度最大断面的服务隧道洞周关键点的位移和最大主应力的分布情况,明确施工、监测中应该重点关注的部位。
The subsea tunnel engineering that lies at Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao is introduced,as well as the research status of little distance parallel tunnels in China.The section ZK5+607 which is located in the fault f3-1 is chosen as a typical cross section,and a three-dimensional model(215.0 m×86.1 m×100.0 m) for numerical analysis is established according to geometrical parameters and geological information of the typical cross section.The concrete lining is considered while the rigid arch is converted into concrete lining through a equivalent mode.12 construction schemes are constituted according to the space temporal relationship between construction steps,the excavating method,the length of drivage cycle,the space distance among each working face and the overburden thickness of each tunnel.Then these schemes are simulated with FLAC3D program.The spacial curves of vault sinkage values after working faces for a given scheme are studied,and some conclusions and suggestions which will benefit construction and survey are obtained.By analyzing vault sinkage values of working faces,the maximum principal stresses in concrete lining,as well as the disturbance of neighborhood tunnels and volumes of plastic zones,the reasonable scheme is chosen.The rationality of recommendatory thickness of overburden is validated via contrasting five cases of overburden thickness.Eventually,in order to definitude the positions of the maximal construction interaction cross section that should be concerned in construction and monitoring,displacements of key points along the ministrant tunnel and distributing of major pricinple stress are given.
The subsea tunnel engineering that lies at Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao is introduced,as well as the research status of little distance parallel tunnels in China.The section ZK5+607 which is located in the fault f3-1 is chosen as a typical cross section,and a three-dimensional model(215.0 m×86.1 m×100.0 m) for numerical analysis is established according to geometrical parameters and geological information of the typical cross section.The concrete lining is considered while the rigid arch is converted into concrete lining through a equivalent mode.12 construction schemes are constituted according to the space temporal relationship between construction steps,the excavating method,the length of drivage cycle,the space distance among each working face and the overburden thickness of each tunnel.Then these schemes are simulated with FLAC3D program.The spacial curves of vault sinkage values after working faces for a given scheme are studied,and some conclusions and suggestions which will benefit construction and survey are obtained.By analyzing vault sinkage values of working faces,the maximum principal stresses in concrete lining,as well as the disturbance of neighborhood tunnels and volumes of plastic zones,the reasonable scheme is chosen.The rationality of recommendatory thickness of overburden is validated via contrasting five cases of overburden thickness.Eventually,in order to definitude the positions of the maximal construction interaction cross section that should be concerned in construction and monitoring,displacements of key points along the ministrant tunnel and distributing of major pricinple stress are given.
引文
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[14]李云鹏,王芝银,韩常领,等.不同围岩类别小间距隧道施工过程模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):11-16.(LI Yunpeng,WANG Zhiyin,HAN Changling,et a1.Simulating study on construction process of tunnels with small spacing for different classes of surrounding rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):11-16.(in Chinese))
[15]朱镜清,周建.海底地震动估计的一个流体力学基础[J].地震工程与工程振动,1991,11(3):87-93.(ZHU Jingqing,ZHOU Jian.A fluid mechanics basis for estimating undersea ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1991,11(3):87-93.(in Chinese))
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[2]铁道部基本建设总局.铁道隧道新奥法指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.(Infrastructure Bureau of Railway Ministry.Directory for new austria method in railway tunnel[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1988.(in Chinese))
[3]孙钧.隧道力学问题的若干进展[J].西部探矿工程,1993,5(4):1-22.(SUN Jun.Some advances of tunnel mechanics[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,1993,5(4):1-22.(in Chinese))
[4]铁道部第二勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册(隧道)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.(Second Reconnaissance and Design Corporation of Railway.Ministry design manual for railway engineering(tunnel)[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1995.(in Chinese))
[5]肖正勤.小间距隧道施工技术探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2006,18(3):144-146.(XIAO Zhengqin.Discussion on construction technology for little distance parallel tunnels[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,18(3):144-146.(in Chinese))
[6]倪新兴.小净距隧道施工技术[J].西部探矿工程,2002,14(3):78-79.(NI Xinxing.Construction technology for little distance parallel tunnels[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2002,14(3):78-79.(in Chinese))
[7]张玉军,朱维申,杨家岭.近距离双隧道开挖与支护稳定性的黏弹塑性有限元计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(增2):855-859.(ZHANG Yujun,ZHU Weishen,YANG Jialing.Viscidity-elastic-plastic finite elment method in stability of excavition and supporting for two little distance parallel tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(Supp.2):855-859.(in Chinese))
[8]荆春燕,黄宏伟,张子新,等.小间距隧道施工动态监测与数值模拟分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(3):503-508.(JING Chunyan,HUANG Hongwei,ZHANG Zixin,et al.Dynamic monitoring and numercal simulation analysis of closely-spaced tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(3):503-508.(in Chinese))
[9]刘胜利,施成华,彭立敏,等.小间距隧道施工期间洞室与结构的稳定性评判[J].西部探矿工程,2003,13(3):108-111.(LIU Shengli,SHI Chenghua,PENG Limin,et a1.Evaluation on stability of chamber and structure of smallinterval tunnel during construction[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2003,13(3):108-111.(in Chinese))
[10]王明年,李志业,关宝树.3孔小间距浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降控制技术研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):821-824.(WANG Ming nian,LI Zhiye,GUAN Baoshu.Research on controlling measures for ground surface settlement of three little distance parallel shallow embedded tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(6):821-824.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡小林,吴从师,SWOBODA G.小间距浅埋隧道的支护设计探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5943-5949.(CAI Xiaolin,WU Congshi,SWOBODA G.Discussion on support system between two parallel closely-spaced shallow tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):5943-5949.(in Chinese))
[12]凌昌荣,张子新.偏压小间距隧道荷载结构计算模型研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(6):1148-1153.(LING Changrong,ZHANG Zixin.A study of computation model with load-structure method for unsymmetrically loaded closely-spaced tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(6):1148-1153.(in Chinese))
[13]吴波,高波,索晓明,等.城市地铁小间距隧道施工性态的力学模拟与分析[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(3):84-89.(WU Bo,GAO Bo,SUO Xiaoming,et a1.Mechanical simulation and analysis of construction behavior of urban metro tunnelling with small interval[J].China Journa1of Highway and Transport,2005,18(3):84-89.(in Chinese))
[14]李云鹏,王芝银,韩常领,等.不同围岩类别小间距隧道施工过程模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):11-16.(LI Yunpeng,WANG Zhiyin,HAN Changling,et a1.Simulating study on construction process of tunnels with small spacing for different classes of surrounding rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):11-16.(in Chinese))
[15]朱镜清,周建.海底地震动估计的一个流体力学基础[J].地震工程与工程振动,1991,11(3):87-93.(ZHU Jingqing,ZHOU Jian.A fluid mechanics basis for estimating undersea ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1991,11(3):87-93.(in Chinese))
[16]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,1990.(XU Zhilun.Elastic mechanics[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,1990.(in Chinese))
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