地裂缝活动对地铁区间隧道地层应力与位移影响的试验研究
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摘要
以西安地铁明挖区间隧道穿过地裂缝带为研究背景,通过几何比1∶5的大比例尺地裂缝与地铁隧道模型试验,研究了地裂缝活动引起地铁隧道地层应力与位移变化规律。试验结果表明:地裂缝活动在上盘地层中产生负的附加应力,出现应力降低区,而在下盘产生正的附加应力,出现应力增强区,且距离地裂缝越远附加应力越小。随上盘沉降量的增大,上盘隧道顶部地层应力增加,两侧逐渐减小,而下盘隧道顶部地层应力逐渐减小接近于零,两侧地层应力则逐渐增大。地层位移和地表沉降变形随地裂缝位错量增加而增大,横向呈现上、下盘相反的变化规律,同时上盘地表出现与地裂缝近似垂直的纵向拉张裂缝,影响范围约为2倍隧道宽度,下盘地表出现与地裂缝大致平行的横向拉张裂缝,影响宽度约为2.5倍隧道宽度。研究结果可为地裂缝环境下地铁隧道沿线城市规划与地裂缝灾害防治提供参考。
Based on the Xi'an metro open-cut tunnel passing through the active ground fissures,through three-dimensional model tests with geometric proportion of 1:5,the change laws of stratum stress and displacement near the metro tunnel induced by the active ground fissures are studied. The test results show that under the action of active ground fissures,the negative additional stress is created in the stratum of the hanging wall of the ground fissures and there appears a stress reduced area; but in the foot-wall the positive additional stress is created in stratum and there appears a stress enhanced area; and the additional stress reduces with the increasing distance from the ground fissures. With the increasing settlement of the hanging wall,the soil pressure of top tunnel increases and bilateral soil pressure decreases gradually in the hanging wall,but it is just reverse in the foot-wall. Displacement of stratum and settlement deformation of the ground surface increase with settlement of the hanging wall,and displacement and deformation laws in the hanging wall are inverse from the foot-wall in horizontal direction of tunnel. Meanwhile,in the hanging wall there appear surface tensile cracks approximately perpendicular with the active ground fissures and in the foot-wall surface tensile cracks are approximately parallel to the active ground fissures. The conclusions can be used as the reference for the urban layout along metro under the environment of active ground fissures,and for the prevention and treatment of ground fissure hazards.
Based on the Xi'an metro open-cut tunnel passing through the active ground fissures,through three-dimensional model tests with geometric proportion of 1:5,the change laws of stratum stress and displacement near the metro tunnel induced by the active ground fissures are studied. The test results show that under the action of active ground fissures,the negative additional stress is created in the stratum of the hanging wall of the ground fissures and there appears a stress reduced area; but in the foot-wall the positive additional stress is created in stratum and there appears a stress enhanced area; and the additional stress reduces with the increasing distance from the ground fissures. With the increasing settlement of the hanging wall,the soil pressure of top tunnel increases and bilateral soil pressure decreases gradually in the hanging wall,but it is just reverse in the foot-wall. Displacement of stratum and settlement deformation of the ground surface increase with settlement of the hanging wall,and displacement and deformation laws in the hanging wall are inverse from the foot-wall in horizontal direction of tunnel. Meanwhile,in the hanging wall there appear surface tensile cracks approximately perpendicular with the active ground fissures and in the foot-wall surface tensile cracks are approximately parallel to the active ground fissures. The conclusions can be used as the reference for the urban layout along metro under the environment of active ground fissures,and for the prevention and treatment of ground fissure hazards.
引文
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[14]范文,邓龙胜,彭建兵,等.地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(FAN Wen,DENG Long-sheng,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Study on the physical model experiment of subway tunnel crossing the ground fissure belt[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(in Chinese))
[15]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.地裂缝对地铁明挖整体式衬砌隧道影响机制的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Model test study on effect of ground fissure on open-cut metro tunnel with integral lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(in Chinese))
[16]邓亚虹,彭建兵,范文,等.地裂缝活动环境下盾构隧道双层衬砌性状分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3861–3867.(DENG Ya-hong,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Analysis of double-layer liner’s behaviors of shield tunnel under the environment of moving ground-fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S2):3861–3867.(in Chinese))
[17]黄强兵,彭建兵,闫金凯,等.地裂缝活动对土体应力与变形影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(4):903–908.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,YAN Jin-kai,et al.Model test study on influence of ground fissure movement on stress and deformation of soil mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(4):903–908.(in Chinese))
[18]DBJ61—6—2006J10821—2006西安地裂缝场地勘察与工程设计规程[S].2006.(DBJ61—6—2006J10821—2006Specification for site investigation and engineering design on Xi’an ground fractures[S].2006.(in Chinese))
[19]王六桥,李善茵.地下水变化引起地面变形的可能机理[J].地震学报,1984,6(2):203–210.(WANG Liu-qiao,LI Shan-yin.Research on the deformation principle of ground induced by the variety level of ground water[J].Journal of Earthquake,1984,6(2):203–210(in Chinese))
[20]王庆良,刘玉海,陈志新,等.抽水引起的含水层水平应变-地裂缝活动新机理[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(1):46–50.(WANG Qing-liang,LIU Yu-hai,CHEN Zhi-xin,et al.Horizontal strain of aquifer induced by groundwater pumping-a new mechanism for ground fissure movement[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(1):46-50.(in Chinese))
[21]赵其华,王兰生.构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模型[J].工程地质学报,1995(3):21–27.(ZHAO Qi-hua,WANG Lan-sheng.Mechanical model of geology about the extend principles of conformation gravity[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1995(3):21–27.(in Chinese))
[2]张家明.西安地裂缝研究[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1990.(ZHANG Jia-ming.Research on ground fissures in the region of Xi’an[M].Xi’an:University of Northwest Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[3]李永善.西安地裂缝及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.(LI Yong-shan.Research on ground fissures in Xi’an region and active faults in weihe basin[M].Beijing:Seismilogical Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[4]LEE C F,ZHANG J M,ZHANG Y X.Evolution and origin of the ground fissures in Xi′an,China[J].Engineering Geology,1996,43(1):45–55.
[5]LI Y L,YANG J C,HU X M.Origin of ground fissures in the Shanxi Graben System,Northern China[J].Engineering Geology,2000,55(4):267–275.
[6]彭建兵,范文,李喜安,等.汾渭盆地地裂缝成因研究中的若干关键问题[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):433–440.(PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,LI Xi-an,et al.Some key questions in the formation of ground fissures in the Fenwei Basin[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):433–440.(in Chinese))
[7]武强,陈佩佩.地裂缝灾害研究现状与展望[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,14(1):22–27.(WU Qiang,CHEN Pei-pei.Research on state of art and prospect of earth fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2003,14(1):22–27.(in Chinese))
[8]易学发.西安市地面不均匀沉降及地裂缝成因的讨论[J].地震,1984(6):50–54.(YI Xue-fa.Research on the asymmetry ground decline and the cause of ground fissure in Xi’an[J].Earthquake,1984(6):50–54.(in Chinese))
[9]毛应生,柳丽英,王德信,等.西安市地裂对市政构筑物的破坏机理与对策的探讨[J].城市道桥与防洪,2002(2):1–6.(MAO Ying-sheng,LIU Li-ying,WANG De-xin,et al.Approach to mechanism and countermeasure of municipal structures destroyed by ground cracking in Xi’an City[J].Urban Roads Bridges&Flood Control,2002(2):1–6.(in Chinese))
[10]徐前卫,朱合华,廖少明,等.软土地层土压平衡盾构法施工的模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(12):1849–1857.(XU Qian-wei,ZHU He-hua,LIAO Shao-ming,et al.Experimental study on EPB shield tunnel construction in soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(12):1849–857.(in Chinese))
[11]周晓敏,王梦恕,陶龙光,等.北京地铁隧道水平冻结和暗挖施工模型试验与实测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(6):676–679.(ZHOU Xiao-min,WANG Meng-shu,TAO Long-guang,et al.Model test and prototype observation on artificial ground freezing and tunneling of Beijing subway[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(6):676–679.(in Chinese))
[12]彭建兵,范文,黄强兵.西安市城市快速轨道交通二号线穿过地裂缝带的结构措施专题研究[R].西安:长安大学,铁道第一勘察设计院,2006.(PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,HUANG Qiang-bing.Special research on structural measurements of Xi’an urban express track traffic No.2going through ground fissures[R].Xi’an:Chang’an University,China Railway First Survey and Design Institute,2006.(in Chinese))
[13]彭建兵,陈立伟,黄强兵,等.地裂缝破裂扩展的大型物理模拟试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1826–1834.(PENG Jian-bing,CHEN Li-wei,HUANG Qiang-bing,et al.Large-scale physical simulative experi-ment on ground fissure expansion mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1826–1834.(in Chinese))
[14]范文,邓龙胜,彭建兵,等.地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(FAN Wen,DENG Long-sheng,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Study on the physical model experiment of subway tunnel crossing the ground fissure belt[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1917–1923.(in Chinese))
[15]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.地裂缝对地铁明挖整体式衬砌隧道影响机制的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Model test study on effect of ground fissure on open-cut metro tunnel with integral lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2324–2331.(in Chinese))
[16]邓亚虹,彭建兵,范文,等.地裂缝活动环境下盾构隧道双层衬砌性状分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3861–3867.(DENG Ya-hong,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Analysis of double-layer liner’s behaviors of shield tunnel under the environment of moving ground-fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S2):3861–3867.(in Chinese))
[17]黄强兵,彭建兵,闫金凯,等.地裂缝活动对土体应力与变形影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(4):903–908.(HUANG Qiang-bing,PENG Jian-bing,YAN Jin-kai,et al.Model test study on influence of ground fissure movement on stress and deformation of soil mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(4):903–908.(in Chinese))
[18]DBJ61—6—2006J10821—2006西安地裂缝场地勘察与工程设计规程[S].2006.(DBJ61—6—2006J10821—2006Specification for site investigation and engineering design on Xi’an ground fractures[S].2006.(in Chinese))
[19]王六桥,李善茵.地下水变化引起地面变形的可能机理[J].地震学报,1984,6(2):203–210.(WANG Liu-qiao,LI Shan-yin.Research on the deformation principle of ground induced by the variety level of ground water[J].Journal of Earthquake,1984,6(2):203–210(in Chinese))
[20]王庆良,刘玉海,陈志新,等.抽水引起的含水层水平应变-地裂缝活动新机理[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(1):46–50.(WANG Qing-liang,LIU Yu-hai,CHEN Zhi-xin,et al.Horizontal strain of aquifer induced by groundwater pumping-a new mechanism for ground fissure movement[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(1):46-50.(in Chinese))
[21]赵其华,王兰生.构造重力扩展机制的地质力学模型[J].工程地质学报,1995(3):21–27.(ZHAO Qi-hua,WANG Lan-sheng.Mechanical model of geology about the extend principles of conformation gravity[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1995(3):21–27.(in Chinese))
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