倾滑断层对公路的致灾机理分析
|
摘要
在有限元分析的基础上,对正断层和逆断层环境下公路的致灾机理进行了研究。结果表明,断层的活动将引起公路结构的弯曲变形,使公路处于拉、压、剪的受力状态。共中,正断层活动引起公路弯曲变形的范围主要为上盘距裂缝70 m至下盘距裂缝30 m,纵向应力剧增的主要范围为上盘内距裂缝170m 至下盘内距裂缝130 m,路面的开裂位移约为22 cm;逆断层活动时,公路弯曲变形的范围为上盘内距裂缝80m至下盘内距裂缝 40 m,纵向应力剧增的主要范围是上盘内距裂缝170 m至下盘内距裂缝180 m,路面的开裂位移约为12cm。根据公路的变形和受力规律,将正断层和逆断层环境下公路的破坏模式概化为张拉破坏、剪切破坏、弯曲压坏和复合破坏几种类型。按载荷-结构的方法,将上、下盘范围内的公路结构当作受均匀荷载的半无限弹性地基梁,把倾滑活断层环境下公路结构的位移、转角、弯矩、剪力等简化为断层地表竖向位移量、地基系数、路面荷载、路基路面等效刚度的函数。进行了算例分析,计算结果表明,断层活动主要使裂缝带的公路承受较大的变形、弯矩和剪力,这种影响范围主要分布在断层裂缝的两侧各30 m内。
The purpose of this paper is to report our research findings on the break-down mechanism of road structure induced by dip-slip active fault with a finite element model developed and established. The analysis result shows that due to the activity of dip-slip breakdown, the road structure was bended, which induced the tension of the upper block of the road and the compression of its lower block. And situated on the fissure of the road suffered the deformation due to the shearing hit. More specifically speaking, the normal fault induced the road bended in place of 70 m in upper block to 30 m in lower block, and such deformation increased the lengthwise direction stress in place of 170 m in upper block to 130 m in lower block away from the fissure, and with the yielded displacement of road is about 22 cm. However, in the environment of compressed fault, the bended road may still remain in the range of 80 m in upper block to 40 m in lower block, with the increased stress being in place of 170 m in upper block to 180 m in lower block away from its original fissure and the yielded displacement of road about 12 cm. and then, based on its distribution of stress and deformation, the failure modes of road are obtained which would be generalized as tensioned, sheared and bended-compressed, complex failure. However, when the method is used to analyze the deformation, stress and strain distribution of the road, the structure of the road should be predigested as a semi-infinite elastic grade beam which is expected to withdraw or endure asymmetrical distribution load and its displacement, angle and moment of flexion, shear force, etc. , induced by the dip-slip active fault. And, finally, a sample case has been analyzed, whose calculated results indicate that the road in fault fissure belt tends to be able to endure the maximal deformation, shear force and flexural torque, the incidence of active fault are mainly distributed in the sphere of 30 meters away from the fissure at every block.
The purpose of this paper is to report our research findings on the break-down mechanism of road structure induced by dip-slip active fault with a finite element model developed and established. The analysis result shows that due to the activity of dip-slip breakdown, the road structure was bended, which induced the tension of the upper block of the road and the compression of its lower block. And situated on the fissure of the road suffered the deformation due to the shearing hit. More specifically speaking, the normal fault induced the road bended in place of 70 m in upper block to 30 m in lower block, and such deformation increased the lengthwise direction stress in place of 170 m in upper block to 130 m in lower block away from the fissure, and with the yielded displacement of road is about 22 cm. However, in the environment of compressed fault, the bended road may still remain in the range of 80 m in upper block to 40 m in lower block, with the increased stress being in place of 170 m in upper block to 180 m in lower block away from its original fissure and the yielded displacement of road about 12 cm. and then, based on its distribution of stress and deformation, the failure modes of road are obtained which would be generalized as tensioned, sheared and bended-compressed, complex failure. However, when the method is used to analyze the deformation, stress and strain distribution of the road, the structure of the road should be predigested as a semi-infinite elastic grade beam which is expected to withdraw or endure asymmetrical distribution load and its displacement, angle and moment of flexion, shear force, etc. , induced by the dip-slip active fault. And, finally, a sample case has been analyzed, whose calculated results indicate that the road in fault fissure belt tends to be able to endure the maximal deformation, shear force and flexural torque, the incidence of active fault are mainly distributed in the sphere of 30 meters away from the fissure at every block.
引文
[1] YANG Huijun(杨会军) , HU Chunlin (胡春林), CHEN Wenwu (湛文武) , et al. Information construction of the tunnel in a fault and crush zone[J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报), 2004, 23(22) : 3917-3922．
[2] LIU Xuezeng(刘学增), BINTIAN Zhengze(滨田政则). Experiments on rapture propagation of active faults in soil [J] . Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering(岩土工程学报) , 2004, 26(3) : 425-427．
[3] WANG Jin'an(王金安), LIU Hang(刘航) , LI Tie(李铁). Study on numerical simulation of dynamic risk regionalization during exploitation approaching to faults [J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (岩石力学与工程学报), 2007, 26(1) : 28-35．
[4] JIANG Tao(江涛), XU Weiya(徐卫亚), CHEN Hong(陈宏), et al. Numerical analysis of stability for rock mass in arch dam abutment impacted by fault and simulation of fault treatment[J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (岩石力学与工程学报), 2005, 24(2) : 5840-5844．
[5] LU Mingqi(卢明奇), TIAN Yuji (田玉基), YANG Qingshan (杨庆山) . Analysis of seismic response of high-rise building to near-fault ground motions[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(哈尔滨工业大学学报), 2007, 39(2) : 314-317．
[6] PENG Jianbing(彭建兵) . Some important problems to be addressed in research of active tectonics and environmental disaster in China [J]. Journal of Engineering Geology(工程地质学报) , 2006, 14(1) : 5- 12．
[7] HUANG Shengwen(黄生文), SI Tiehan(司铁汉) , CHEN Wensheng (陈文胜), et al. Finite element analyses of influence of fault on largespan tunnel surrounding rock stress [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报), 2006, 25(2) : 3788-3793．
[8] LIU Zhigang(刘志刚) , LIU Xiufeng(刘秀峰) . Determination of tunnel fault by the method of fault parameter forecast[J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (岩石力学与工程学报), 2003, 22(9) : 1547-1550．
[9] JIANG Zhongming(蒋中明), FU Sheng(傅胜), LI Shanggao (李尚高) , et al. High pressure permeability test on hydraulic tunnel with steep obliquity faults under high pressure [J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报), 2007, 26(11) : 2318-2323．
[10] WANG Changhong(王长虹) , YANG Youhai(杨有海) . The elasticvisco displacement back analysis of Wushaoling Tunnel F7 fault [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society (铁道学报) , 2007, 29(2) : 132-135．
[11] LIU Aiwen(刘爱文), HU Yuxian(胡聿贤) , LI Xiaojun(李小军) , et al. Damage behavior of large-diameter buried steel pipelines under fault movements [J] . Engineering Mechanics (工程力学), 2005 , 22(3) : 82-87．
[12] ZHANG Suling(张素灵), XU Jiandong (徐建东), CAO Huaming (曹华明), et al. A study of buried pipeline damages caused by earthquake faulting [J] . Seismology and Geology(地震地质) , 2001, 23(3) : 432-438．
[13] LIU Aiwen(刘爱文), HU Yuxian(胡聿贤), ZHAO Fengxin(赵凤新), et al. An equivalent-boundary method for the shell analysis of buried pipelines under fault movement [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica(地震学报) , 2004, 26(S): 141-147．
[14] FENG Qimin (冯启民), ZHAO Lin (赵林) . Buckling analysis of buried pipes subjected to fault movements [J] . Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration (地震工程与工程振动), 2001, 21(4) : 80-87．
[15] UN Junqi (林均崎) , HU Mingyi (胡明祎) . Seismic responses of buried pipeline crossing fault[J] . Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(地震工程与工程振动), 2007, 27(5) : 129-134．
[16] LI Qitong(李起彤) . Active fault and its engineering evaluation (活断层及其工程评价) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1991．
[17] LI Yongshan(李永善), GENG Dayu(耿大玉), UN Jihua(林继华), et al. Research on ground fissures in Xi' an region and active faults in Weihe basin(西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1992．
[18] PENG Jianbing(彭建兵), ZHANG Jun(张俊), SU Shengrui(苏生瑞), et al. Active faults and geological disaster of Weihe river basin(渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害) [M]. Xi' an: Northwest University Press, 1992．
[2] LIU Xuezeng(刘学增), BINTIAN Zhengze(滨田政则). Experiments on rapture propagation of active faults in soil [J] . Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering(岩土工程学报) , 2004, 26(3) : 425-427．
[3] WANG Jin'an(王金安), LIU Hang(刘航) , LI Tie(李铁). Study on numerical simulation of dynamic risk regionalization during exploitation approaching to faults [J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (岩石力学与工程学报), 2007, 26(1) : 28-35．
[4] JIANG Tao(江涛), XU Weiya(徐卫亚), CHEN Hong(陈宏), et al. Numerical analysis of stability for rock mass in arch dam abutment impacted by fault and simulation of fault treatment[J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (岩石力学与工程学报), 2005, 24(2) : 5840-5844．
[5] LU Mingqi(卢明奇), TIAN Yuji (田玉基), YANG Qingshan (杨庆山) . Analysis of seismic response of high-rise building to near-fault ground motions[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(哈尔滨工业大学学报), 2007, 39(2) : 314-317．
[6] PENG Jianbing(彭建兵) . Some important problems to be addressed in research of active tectonics and environmental disaster in China [J]. Journal of Engineering Geology(工程地质学报) , 2006, 14(1) : 5- 12．
[7] HUANG Shengwen(黄生文), SI Tiehan(司铁汉) , CHEN Wensheng (陈文胜), et al. Finite element analyses of influence of fault on largespan tunnel surrounding rock stress [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报), 2006, 25(2) : 3788-3793．
[8] LIU Zhigang(刘志刚) , LIU Xiufeng(刘秀峰) . Determination of tunnel fault by the method of fault parameter forecast[J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (岩石力学与工程学报), 2003, 22(9) : 1547-1550．
[9] JIANG Zhongming(蒋中明), FU Sheng(傅胜), LI Shanggao (李尚高) , et al. High pressure permeability test on hydraulic tunnel with steep obliquity faults under high pressure [J] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报), 2007, 26(11) : 2318-2323．
[10] WANG Changhong(王长虹) , YANG Youhai(杨有海) . The elasticvisco displacement back analysis of Wushaoling Tunnel F7 fault [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society (铁道学报) , 2007, 29(2) : 132-135．
[11] LIU Aiwen(刘爱文), HU Yuxian(胡聿贤) , LI Xiaojun(李小军) , et al. Damage behavior of large-diameter buried steel pipelines under fault movements [J] . Engineering Mechanics (工程力学), 2005 , 22(3) : 82-87．
[12] ZHANG Suling(张素灵), XU Jiandong (徐建东), CAO Huaming (曹华明), et al. A study of buried pipeline damages caused by earthquake faulting [J] . Seismology and Geology(地震地质) , 2001, 23(3) : 432-438．
[13] LIU Aiwen(刘爱文), HU Yuxian(胡聿贤), ZHAO Fengxin(赵凤新), et al. An equivalent-boundary method for the shell analysis of buried pipelines under fault movement [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica(地震学报) , 2004, 26(S): 141-147．
[14] FENG Qimin (冯启民), ZHAO Lin (赵林) . Buckling analysis of buried pipes subjected to fault movements [J] . Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration (地震工程与工程振动), 2001, 21(4) : 80-87．
[15] UN Junqi (林均崎) , HU Mingyi (胡明祎) . Seismic responses of buried pipeline crossing fault[J] . Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(地震工程与工程振动), 2007, 27(5) : 129-134．
[16] LI Qitong(李起彤) . Active fault and its engineering evaluation (活断层及其工程评价) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1991．
[17] LI Yongshan(李永善), GENG Dayu(耿大玉), UN Jihua(林继华), et al. Research on ground fissures in Xi' an region and active faults in Weihe basin(西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1992．
[18] PENG Jianbing(彭建兵), ZHANG Jun(张俊), SU Shengrui(苏生瑞), et al. Active faults and geological disaster of Weihe river basin(渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害) [M]. Xi' an: Northwest University Press, 1992．
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心