基于覆盖度的区域疏散公交集结点选址研究
|
摘要
由于中国特定国情,一旦发生突发灾害事件,需要协调组织大容量公共运输工具为主导方式完成紧急疏散。公交疏散集结点的合理位置和人员安排是实施全面快速高效疏散的首要保障,对其研究具有重要实践意义。本文针对城市突发灾害公交疏散,如何确定集结点最优位置等问题进行研究。提出基于疏散时间可靠性的覆盖度定义,以疏散需求的覆盖度最大化为目标,以疏散小区需求、集结点个数、容量限制等为约束条件,建立疏散集结点选址模型。将优化问题转化为混合整数线性规划问题,设计VC++界面快速求解方案。最后,通过长春市中心区实际数据,与传统最大覆盖选址模型进行对比,结果表明模型更加准确反映出需求覆盖度,具有很大优越性。
Because of basic conditions in China,public transit is an extremely versatile and flexible mode of transportation that can provide services to a great number of people in disaster situations.Public transit stations,whose reasonable location and arrangement primarily guarantees an overall,quick and efficient evacuation,so it is meaningful in practice.The research focuses on identifying optimal public transit station locations and personnel arrangements during emergency situations.Coverage definition based on time reliability proposed,a location model aims to maximize total coverage demands of evacuation zones,and constraint conditions are demand conservation,restricting the number and traffic capacity of the public transit station and so on.Public transit station location problem can be transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming.Also,a VC++user interface is designed to find a high-quality solution in a reasonable time.Finally,a case study is conducted by the road network of Changchun city centre,comparing with traditional maximum cover location model,experimental results show that the proposed model to be superior can effectively response demand coverage of public transit station accurately.
Because of basic conditions in China,public transit is an extremely versatile and flexible mode of transportation that can provide services to a great number of people in disaster situations.Public transit stations,whose reasonable location and arrangement primarily guarantees an overall,quick and efficient evacuation,so it is meaningful in practice.The research focuses on identifying optimal public transit station locations and personnel arrangements during emergency situations.Coverage definition based on time reliability proposed,a location model aims to maximize total coverage demands of evacuation zones,and constraint conditions are demand conservation,restricting the number and traffic capacity of the public transit station and so on.Public transit station location problem can be transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming.Also,a VC++user interface is designed to find a high-quality solution in a reasonable time.Finally,a case study is conducted by the road network of Changchun city centre,comparing with traditional maximum cover location model,experimental results show that the proposed model to be superior can effectively response demand coverage of public transit station accurately.
引文
1安实,崔建勋,王健.国外道路交通应急区域疏散综述.交通运输系统工程与信息,2008;8(6):38—45
2刘小明,胡红.应急交通疏散现状与展望.交通运输工程学报,2008;8(3):108—121
3Perkins J A,Dabipi I K,Han L D.Modeling transit issues unique to hurricane evacuations:north carolina’s small urban and rural areas.Greensboro,NC Urban Transit Institute/Transportation Institute,NC A&T State University,2001:48—96
4宋瑞,何世伟.章力.紧急疏散情况下的公交车运行计划优化研究.交通运输系统工程与信息,2009;12(9):154—160
5Toregas C,Swain R,Revelle C,et al.The location of emergency serv-ice facilities.Operations Research,1971;(19):1363—1373
6Aly A A,Whlte J A.Probabilistic formation of the emergency service location problem.Journal of Operational Research Society,1978;29(12):1167—1179
7Adensodiaz B,Rodriguez F A.Simple search heuristic for the MCLP.Application to the Location of the Ambulance Bases in a Rural Re-gion,Omege,1997;(25):81—187
8Luis G,Acosta E,Roberto D G.Dual-based heuristic for a hierarchi-cal covering location problem.Computers&Operations Research,2003;(30):65—180
9赖寒.地震灾害中应急医疗设施选址问题研究.成都:西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2009:33—35
2刘小明,胡红.应急交通疏散现状与展望.交通运输工程学报,2008;8(3):108—121
3Perkins J A,Dabipi I K,Han L D.Modeling transit issues unique to hurricane evacuations:north carolina’s small urban and rural areas.Greensboro,NC Urban Transit Institute/Transportation Institute,NC A&T State University,2001:48—96
4宋瑞,何世伟.章力.紧急疏散情况下的公交车运行计划优化研究.交通运输系统工程与信息,2009;12(9):154—160
5Toregas C,Swain R,Revelle C,et al.The location of emergency serv-ice facilities.Operations Research,1971;(19):1363—1373
6Aly A A,Whlte J A.Probabilistic formation of the emergency service location problem.Journal of Operational Research Society,1978;29(12):1167—1179
7Adensodiaz B,Rodriguez F A.Simple search heuristic for the MCLP.Application to the Location of the Ambulance Bases in a Rural Re-gion,Omege,1997;(25):81—187
8Luis G,Acosta E,Roberto D G.Dual-based heuristic for a hierarchi-cal covering location problem.Computers&Operations Research,2003;(30):65—180
9赖寒.地震灾害中应急医疗设施选址问题研究.成都:西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2009:33—35
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心