正断层活动对公路山岭隧道工程影响的数值分析
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摘要
根据渭河盆地正断层的结构特征及活动形式,采用有限元方法模拟正断层环境下公路山岭隧道衬砌的受力变形,针对断层错动量、断层倾角、隧道埋深以及隧道与断层的交角4个主要因素分别进行组合计算,并由此归纳出衬砌的破坏模式。结果表明4个因素对衬砌受力变形影响的敏感性依次减弱,在断层裂缝两侧各40m的范围内是受力变形的集中位置,且当断层倾角小于50°时衬砌的受力类似于一端固定的悬臂梁。通过对衬砌的相对沉降量、纵向应力及剪应力的分析计算,将衬砌的主要破坏模式分为3类:在大纵向应力作用下,以拉张破坏为主、挤压破坏为辅的拉张-挤压型破坏,在大剪应力作用下发生的直接剪断型破坏,以及拉张-挤压与剪切结合的破坏形式。
According to the structural characteristics and active forms of normal faults in Weihe River Basin,the finite element method is used to simulate the force and deformation of tunnel lining when the road mountain tunnel passes through the normal fault.Calculation is mainly focused at the four major factors which are the movement quantity of fault,the inclination angle of fault,the depth of tunnel and the across angle between tunnel and fault.And the failure modes of lining are concluded.The result shows that the sensitivity of impact of four factors on the lining force and deformation reduced in turn.On the 40 m scope of both sides of the fault fissure is the central location of force and deformation.When the inclination angle of fault is less than 50°,the force of lining is similar to that of cantilever beam with one end fined.Through analyzing and calculating the relative settlement quantity,longitudinal stress and shear stress of the lining,the main failure mode of lining will be divided into three categories.First type is extension-compression,which is actived by large longitudinal stress,then it is extension breakage mainly with compression breakage.Second type is direct-shear,which is controlled by large sheer stress.And the third type is combination of the extension-compression breakage type with direct-shear breakage type.
According to the structural characteristics and active forms of normal faults in Weihe River Basin,the finite element method is used to simulate the force and deformation of tunnel lining when the road mountain tunnel passes through the normal fault.Calculation is mainly focused at the four major factors which are the movement quantity of fault,the inclination angle of fault,the depth of tunnel and the across angle between tunnel and fault.And the failure modes of lining are concluded.The result shows that the sensitivity of impact of four factors on the lining force and deformation reduced in turn.On the 40 m scope of both sides of the fault fissure is the central location of force and deformation.When the inclination angle of fault is less than 50°,the force of lining is similar to that of cantilever beam with one end fined.Through analyzing and calculating the relative settlement quantity,longitudinal stress and shear stress of the lining,the main failure mode of lining will be divided into three categories.First type is extension-compression,which is actived by large longitudinal stress,then it is extension breakage mainly with compression breakage.Second type is direct-shear,which is controlled by large sheer stress.And the third type is combination of the extension-compression breakage type with direct-shear breakage type.
引文
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[2]李永善.西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.(LI Yongshan.Research on ground fissures in Xi′an region and active Faults in Weihe Basin[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[3]彭建兵,张骏,苏生瑞,等.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1992.(PENG Jianbing,ZHANG Jun,SU Shengrui,et al.Active faults and geological hazards in Weihe Basin[M].Xi′an:Northwest University Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[4]李国锋,丁文其,李志厚,等.特殊地质公路隧道动态设计施工技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.(LI Guofeng,DING Wenqi,LI Zhihou,et al.Especial geologic highway tunnel dynamic design and construction technology[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[5]ANASTASOPOULOS I,GEROLYMOS N,DROSOS V,et al.Behaviour of deep immersed tunnel under combined normal fault rupture deformation and subsequent seismic shaking[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2008,6(2):213-239.
[6]RONDOYANNI T,MARINOS P.The athens-corinth highway and railway crossing a tectonically active area in Greece[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2008,67(2):259-266.
[7]蒋树屏,黄伦海,宋从军.利用相似模拟方法研究公路隧道施工力学形态[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):662-666.(JIANG Shuping,HUANG Lunhai,SONG Congjun.Physucal simulation analysis on construction mechanics behavior of road tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):662-666.(in Chinese))
[8]李德武.断层破碎带隧道衬砌受力特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1274.(LI Dewu.Research on the stress features of tunnel lining in the fault-rupture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1274.(in Chinese))
[9]黄生文,司铁汉,陈文胜,等.断层对大跨度隧道围岩应力影响的有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3788-3793.(HUANG Shengwen,SI Tiehan,CHEN Wensheng,et al.Finite element analyses of influence of fault on large-span tunnel surrounding rock stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3788-3793.(in Chinese))
[10]王启耀,蒋臻蔚,彭建兵.全新活动断裂和地裂缝对公路工程的影响及对策[J].公路,2006,(2):104-108.(WANG Qiyao,JIANG Zhenwei,PENG Jianbing.Influence of recently active fault and ground rupture on highway engineering and prevention and treatment measures[J].Highway,2006,(2):104-108.(in Chinese))
[11]杜炜平,古德生.隧道通过断层区的力学特性与技术对策研究[J].西部探矿工程,2000,12(5):1-2,79.(DU Weiping,GU Desheng.The study of mechanics character and technology method of fault cut by tunnel[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2000,12(5):1-2,79.(in Chinese))
[12]朱小明,刘明.断层角度对隧道纵向稳定性影响的数值模拟[J].徐州建筑职业技术学院学报,2007,7(4):17-19.(ZHU Xiaoming,LIU Ming.Numerical simulation of influences of fault angulation on tunnel longitudinal stability[J].Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Architectural Technology,2007,7(4):17-19.(in Chinese))
[13]长安大学.西安市城市快速轨道交通二号线穿过地裂缝带的结构措施专题研究[R].西安:长安大学,2007.(Chang′an University.Research on structure technique of No2subway tunnel crossing through the ground fissure belt of Xi′an[R].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2007.(in Chinese))
[14]范文,邓龙胜,彭建兵,等.地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1917-1923.(FAN Wen,DENG Longsheng,PENG Jianbing,et al.Study of the physical model experiment of metro tunnel crossing ground fissure belt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1917-1923.(in Chinese))
[15]陈火红.Marc有限元实例分析教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.(CHEN Honghuo.The tutorial of examples analysis of finite element Marc[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[16]阚前华,常志宇.MSC.Marc工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(HAN Qianhua,CHANG Zhiyu.The examples analysis of engineering application and secondary development of MSC.Marc[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[17]《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册[M].4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(The Geology Engineering Handbook Editorial Board.The geology engineering handbook[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[18]朱汉华,尚岳全.公路隧道设计与施工新法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.(ZHU Hanhua,SHANG Yuequan.Highway tunnel design and construction innovation[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2002.(in Chinese))
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