张集线旧堡隧道工程地质条件和岩体结构特征研究
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摘要
新建的张集铁路(张家口-集宁段)旧堡隧道是全线关键性控制工程,位于河北省万全县旧堡乡与尚义县土夭村之间,隧道穿越由晚太古代马市口组(Arm)麻粒岩和黑云母斜长片麻岩组成的一套高级变质岩建造,断裂构造极为发育,岩体破碎。原设计Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩洞段占隧道线路总长的71.8%,而已施工揭露的工程地质条件较差,全部变更为Ⅲ级加强及Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩,变更率高达80.3%。施工过程中多次发生挤压大变形、塌方、突涌水等施工地质灾害,共处理大塌方段8处小塌方21处计130m,处理大变形18段计550m。本文分析了DK30+520～910洞段地层岩性、地质构造、地应力、地下水等隧道围岩主要工程地质条件,从结构面和工程地质岩组的物理力学特性出发,研究了该洞段特殊的岩体结构,指出该隧道围岩岩体结构特征主要受与隧道轴线小角度相交的构造挤压破碎带及软硬交替产出的岩组控制,隧道围岩变形破坏受岩体结构控制作用明显,并总结了施工中可能遇到的几种岩体结构。该研究对类似工程地质条件地区隧道工程围岩分类、支护设计和施工有一定的借鉴意义。
Jiubao Tunnel,located between Wangquan county to Shangyi county of Hebei province,is the key and controlling works of the under-constructed Zhangjiakou-Jining Railway Line.The tunnel passes through the granulite and the biotite gneiss of the Upper Archen Era,where faults well developed faults and the rock mass is fractured.The geological conditions disclosed during tunneling were greatly different from those of the construction design drawing.The alteration ratio of the classification of tunnel surrounding rocks even reaches 80.3%.It was due to insufficient understanding to rock mass structure.The high alteration directly caused the occurrence of many geohazards such as squeezing,collapse,water in-rush during tunneling.The paper takes the section of DK30 + 520 ～ DK30 + 910 as the example and makes the comprehensive analysis to the key geological conditions of tunnel surrounding rock.The key conditions include geology,geotechnics,earth stress and underground water.It studies the special characteristics of rock mass structure and directs that the tunnel surrounding rock is complicatedly controlled by the fault fracture zones and the alternative outcropping of weak and hard engineering geological rock masses.It is the special rock mass structural characteristics that controls the deformation and collapse of tunnel.It also summarizes the rock mass structure types which are possibly encountered during tunnel construction.The research result on the rock mass structure of Jiubao Tunnel is helpful to the tunnel design change and construction in the metamorphic and greatly tectonic disturbed areas.
Jiubao Tunnel,located between Wangquan county to Shangyi county of Hebei province,is the key and controlling works of the under-constructed Zhangjiakou-Jining Railway Line.The tunnel passes through the granulite and the biotite gneiss of the Upper Archen Era,where faults well developed faults and the rock mass is fractured.The geological conditions disclosed during tunneling were greatly different from those of the construction design drawing.The alteration ratio of the classification of tunnel surrounding rocks even reaches 80.3%.It was due to insufficient understanding to rock mass structure.The high alteration directly caused the occurrence of many geohazards such as squeezing,collapse,water in-rush during tunneling.The paper takes the section of DK30 + 520 ～ DK30 + 910 as the example and makes the comprehensive analysis to the key geological conditions of tunnel surrounding rock.The key conditions include geology,geotechnics,earth stress and underground water.It studies the special characteristics of rock mass structure and directs that the tunnel surrounding rock is complicatedly controlled by the fault fracture zones and the alternative outcropping of weak and hard engineering geological rock masses.It is the special rock mass structural characteristics that controls the deformation and collapse of tunnel.It also summarizes the rock mass structure types which are possibly encountered during tunnel construction.The research result on the rock mass structure of Jiubao Tunnel is helpful to the tunnel design change and construction in the metamorphic and greatly tectonic disturbed areas.
引文
[1]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.Gu Dezhen.Basis of Rock Mass Engineering Geomechanics.Bei-jing:Science Press,1979.
[2]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.Sun Guangzhong.Rock Mass Structural Mechanics.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1988.
[3]国家技术监督局,中华人民共和国建设部.工程岩体质量分级(GB50218-94)[S],1994.States Bureau of Technical Supervision,Ministry of Construction of P.R.C.Standard for Engineering Classification for Rock Masses(GB50218-94),1994.
[4]杜时贵.岩体结构面抗剪强度经验估算[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.Du Shigui.Empirical Estimation on Shear Strength of Rockmass Structural Plane.Beijing:Seismological Press,2005.
[5]袁宝远,杨志法,肖树芳.岩体结构要素分析几何研究[J].工程地质学报,1998,6(4):355～361.Yuan Baoyuan,Yang Zhifa,Xiao Shufang.Study on fractal geome-try of essential elements of rock mass structure.Journal of Engi-neering Geology.1998,6(4):355～361.
[6]卢波,陈剑平,葛修润,王水林.节理岩体结构的分形几何研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(3):461～467.Lu Bo,Chen Jianping,Ge Runxiu,Wang Shuilin.Fractal geometry study on structure of jointed rock mass.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,(3):461～467.
[7]柴贺军,黄地龙,黄润秋.岩体结构三维可视化模型研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):55～59.Chai Hejun,Huang Dilong,Huang Runqiu,Liu Haowu.New pro-gress in the study of rock structure3-D visualization model.Ad-vance in Earth Sciences.2001,16(1):55～59.
[8]钟登华,李明超,杨建敏.复杂工程岩体结构三维可视化构造研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):575～580.Zhong Denghua,Li Mingchao,Yang Jianmin.3D visual construc-tion of complex engineering rock mass structure and its applica-tion.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(4):575～580.
[9]Hoek E.and Marinos P.Tunnelling in overstressed rock.Preprint of a Keynote address to be presented at EUROCK2009in Dubrovnik,Croatia in October2009.(http://www.eurock2009.hr/).
[10]Deere,D.U.,Hendron,A.J.,Patton,F.D.and Cording,E.J.1967.Design of surface and near surface construction in rock.In Failure and breakage of rock,proc.8th U.S.symp.rock mech.,(ed.C.Fairhurst),237-302.New York:Soc.Min.Engrs,Am.Inst.Min.Metall.Petrolm Engrs.
[11]Wickham,G.E.,Tiedemann,H.R.and Skinner,E.H.1972.Support determination based on geologic predictions.In Proc.North American rapid excav.tunneling conf.,Chicago,(eds K.S.Lane and L.A.Garfield),43-64.New York:Soc.Min.Engrs,Am.Inst.Min.Metall.Petrolm Engrs.
[12]Barton,N.R.,Lien,R.and Lunde,J.1974.Engineering classi-fication of rock masses for the design of tunnel support.Rock Mech.6(4),189～236.
[13]Bieniawski Z.T.1976.Rock mass classification in rock engi-neering.In Exploration for Rock Engineering,Proc.of the Symp.,(ed.Z.T.Bieniawski)1,97-106.Cape Town,Balke-ma.
[14]Hoek,E.(1994).Strength of rock and rock masses,ISRM News Journal,2(2),4～16.
[15]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2003.Li Zhiye,Zeng Yanhua.Design Principle and Method of Under-ground Structure.Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2003.
[16]河北省地质局.《1:20万张家口幅地质图及地质图说明书》.Geological Bureau of Hebei Province.Geological map and its specifications(Scale1:200000)of Zhangjiakou Serial.
[17]李江海,翟明国,钱祥麟,郭敬辉,王关玉,阎月华,李永刚.华北中北部晚太古代高压麻粒岩的地质产状及其出露的区域构造背景[J].岩石学报,1998,14(2):176～189.Li Jianghai,Zhai Mingguo,Qian Xiangling,Guo Jinghui,Wang Guanyu,Yan Yuehua,Li Yonggang.The geological occurrence,regional tectonic setting and exhumation of Late Archean high-pressure granulite within the high-grade metamorphic terrains,north to central portion of North China craton.ACta Petrologica Sinica.1998,14(2):176～189.
[18]谢富仁,崔效锋,张景发.中国大陆地壳应力环境研究[M].北京:地质出版社.2003.Xie Furen,Cui Xiaofeng,Zhang Jingfa.Study on the crustal stress environment of Chinese main land.Beijing:Geological Press,2003.
[19]宋治平,薛艳.华北中强地震前兆特征研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社.2009.Song Zhiping,Xue Yan.Study on the Characteristics of Middle and Strong Earthquake Precursors in North China.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,2009.
[2]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.Sun Guangzhong.Rock Mass Structural Mechanics.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1988.
[3]国家技术监督局,中华人民共和国建设部.工程岩体质量分级(GB50218-94)[S],1994.States Bureau of Technical Supervision,Ministry of Construction of P.R.C.Standard for Engineering Classification for Rock Masses(GB50218-94),1994.
[4]杜时贵.岩体结构面抗剪强度经验估算[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.Du Shigui.Empirical Estimation on Shear Strength of Rockmass Structural Plane.Beijing:Seismological Press,2005.
[5]袁宝远,杨志法,肖树芳.岩体结构要素分析几何研究[J].工程地质学报,1998,6(4):355～361.Yuan Baoyuan,Yang Zhifa,Xiao Shufang.Study on fractal geome-try of essential elements of rock mass structure.Journal of Engi-neering Geology.1998,6(4):355～361.
[6]卢波,陈剑平,葛修润,王水林.节理岩体结构的分形几何研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(3):461～467.Lu Bo,Chen Jianping,Ge Runxiu,Wang Shuilin.Fractal geometry study on structure of jointed rock mass.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,(3):461～467.
[7]柴贺军,黄地龙,黄润秋.岩体结构三维可视化模型研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):55～59.Chai Hejun,Huang Dilong,Huang Runqiu,Liu Haowu.New pro-gress in the study of rock structure3-D visualization model.Ad-vance in Earth Sciences.2001,16(1):55～59.
[8]钟登华,李明超,杨建敏.复杂工程岩体结构三维可视化构造研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):575～580.Zhong Denghua,Li Mingchao,Yang Jianmin.3D visual construc-tion of complex engineering rock mass structure and its applica-tion.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(4):575～580.
[9]Hoek E.and Marinos P.Tunnelling in overstressed rock.Preprint of a Keynote address to be presented at EUROCK2009in Dubrovnik,Croatia in October2009.(http://www.eurock2009.hr/).
[10]Deere,D.U.,Hendron,A.J.,Patton,F.D.and Cording,E.J.1967.Design of surface and near surface construction in rock.In Failure and breakage of rock,proc.8th U.S.symp.rock mech.,(ed.C.Fairhurst),237-302.New York:Soc.Min.Engrs,Am.Inst.Min.Metall.Petrolm Engrs.
[11]Wickham,G.E.,Tiedemann,H.R.and Skinner,E.H.1972.Support determination based on geologic predictions.In Proc.North American rapid excav.tunneling conf.,Chicago,(eds K.S.Lane and L.A.Garfield),43-64.New York:Soc.Min.Engrs,Am.Inst.Min.Metall.Petrolm Engrs.
[12]Barton,N.R.,Lien,R.and Lunde,J.1974.Engineering classi-fication of rock masses for the design of tunnel support.Rock Mech.6(4),189～236.
[13]Bieniawski Z.T.1976.Rock mass classification in rock engi-neering.In Exploration for Rock Engineering,Proc.of the Symp.,(ed.Z.T.Bieniawski)1,97-106.Cape Town,Balke-ma.
[14]Hoek,E.(1994).Strength of rock and rock masses,ISRM News Journal,2(2),4～16.
[15]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2003.Li Zhiye,Zeng Yanhua.Design Principle and Method of Under-ground Structure.Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2003.
[16]河北省地质局.《1:20万张家口幅地质图及地质图说明书》.Geological Bureau of Hebei Province.Geological map and its specifications(Scale1:200000)of Zhangjiakou Serial.
[17]李江海,翟明国,钱祥麟,郭敬辉,王关玉,阎月华,李永刚.华北中北部晚太古代高压麻粒岩的地质产状及其出露的区域构造背景[J].岩石学报,1998,14(2):176～189.Li Jianghai,Zhai Mingguo,Qian Xiangling,Guo Jinghui,Wang Guanyu,Yan Yuehua,Li Yonggang.The geological occurrence,regional tectonic setting and exhumation of Late Archean high-pressure granulite within the high-grade metamorphic terrains,north to central portion of North China craton.ACta Petrologica Sinica.1998,14(2):176～189.
[18]谢富仁,崔效锋,张景发.中国大陆地壳应力环境研究[M].北京:地质出版社.2003.Xie Furen,Cui Xiaofeng,Zhang Jingfa.Study on the crustal stress environment of Chinese main land.Beijing:Geological Press,2003.
[19]宋治平,薛艳.华北中强地震前兆特征研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社.2009.Song Zhiping,Xue Yan.Study on the Characteristics of Middle and Strong Earthquake Precursors in North China.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,2009.
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