我国东南沿海新建铁路工程的水土流失分析
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摘要
铁路建设工程中的路基修筑、隧道开凿、取土弃渣均会导致大量的水土流失,对铁路沿线生态环境造成不利影响。以我国东南沿海地区5条双线铁路的新建工程为例,通过水土流失影响指数评价模型定量比较了5铁路建设工程的水土流失影响。结果表明,福厦线的单位占地面积、单位影响面积和单位工程造成的水土流失总量均最大;温福线的工期最长,其未恢复治理面积的比重也最高;龙厦线的单位土石方总量和单位弃方量最多。甬台温线、温福线、福厦线、厦深线和龙厦线的水土流失影响指数值分别为0.264、0.247、0.375、0.256和0.264,平均值为0.278。
During the railways construction,such activities as subgrade building or tunnel excavating will induce soil and water loss, which has negative impact on eco-environment of the regions along the railway.The impact of soil and water loss for double-line-constructions of five railways in southeast coast of China was quantitatively analyzed and evaluated using the SWII method. The results showed that all the occupation land,impact area,and soil and water loss per kilometer for Fuzhou-Xiamen railway construction were the greatest in the five railways;the construction period of Wenzhou-Fuzhou railway was the longest and its proportion of uncontrolled area of soil and water loss per kilometer was the highest.The earthwork volume and wasted excavation per kilometer of Longyan-Xiamen railway were the greatest.The values for impact indices of soil erosion and water loss of Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou railway,Wenzhou-Fuzhou railway,Fuzhou-Xiamen railway,Xiamen-Shenzhen railway and Longyan-Xiamen railway were 0.64,0.247, 0.375,0.265 and 0.64,respectively.The averaged value for these five railways was 0.278.
During the railways construction,such activities as subgrade building or tunnel excavating will induce soil and water loss, which has negative impact on eco-environment of the regions along the railway.The impact of soil and water loss for double-line-constructions of five railways in southeast coast of China was quantitatively analyzed and evaluated using the SWII method. The results showed that all the occupation land,impact area,and soil and water loss per kilometer for Fuzhou-Xiamen railway construction were the greatest in the five railways;the construction period of Wenzhou-Fuzhou railway was the longest and its proportion of uncontrolled area of soil and water loss per kilometer was the highest.The earthwork volume and wasted excavation per kilometer of Longyan-Xiamen railway were the greatest.The values for impact indices of soil erosion and water loss of Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou railway,Wenzhou-Fuzhou railway,Fuzhou-Xiamen railway,Xiamen-Shenzhen railway and Longyan-Xiamen railway were 0.64,0.247, 0.375,0.265 and 0.64,respectively.The averaged value for these five railways was 0.278.
引文
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[3]刘华,朱健梅.东南沿海铁路通道建设初探[J].中国铁路,1998,(5):28-29.
[4]张力,格日乐,王树,孙保平,刘山林.大准铁路工程施工对水土流失的影响及其防治对策[J].水土保持研究, 2006,13(5):137-138.
[5]程昊.冻土地区青藏铁路建设水土流失分析及控制措施[J].中国水土保持,2004,(5):19-21.
[6]杜蓓.唐古拉至拉萨段铁路沿线水土流失现状及防治对策[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(suppl):190-194.
[7]田杏芳,王坤平.西北铁路沿线的水土流失与防治[J].中国水土保持,1997,(7):33-36.
[8]何吉成,徐雨晴,刘静茹,张春英.广梅汕铁路电气化改造工程的水土流失量预测[J].亚热带水土保持,2009, 21(3):55-59.
[9]何吉成,徐雨晴,周铁军.新街-恩格阿娄铁路工程建设的水土流失量预测[J].北方环境,2010,22(1):28-33.
[10]姜德文.开发建设项目水土保持损益分析研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2008.
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