短周期地震仪接收函数的可行性分析——以新疆和田地震台阵为例
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摘要
利用新疆和田地震台阵3km孔径范围内架设的9个子台(包括1套宽频带和9套短周期地震仪)记录的3年远震波形数据,对比研究和分析了短周期地震仪接收函数的稳定性和可靠性.通过比较和分析短周期和长周期地震仪获取的接收函数波形,结果发现:(1)短周期地震仪记录与宽频带地震仪记录得到的接收函数有很好的一致性,且具有较高的稳定性,无论α取值为1.5还是2.5,短周期地震仪接收函数与宽频带地震仪接收函数都具有较强的线性相关性(相关系数0.9),但Ps震相均存在小幅的振幅差(约20%);(2)采用接收函数震相到时信息的方法(如H-κ叠加搜索),短周期地震仪可以代替宽频带地震仪;(3)由于短周期地震仪缺乏0.155Hz以下的低频信号和在1Hz以下频段非线性的振幅响应,仅仅采用短周期地震仪接收函数波形反演台站下方S波速度结构,获得下地壳到上地幔顶部的速度偏差较大(约0.3km/s),可能会造成错误解释(如下地壳低速层),因此需要和其它对波速值敏感的数据(如面波频散)进行联合分析.
Using the teleseismic waveform data recorded by 9 sub-stations(including 1 set of broadband and 9 sets of short-period seismographs) of Hotan Seismic Array with an aperture about 3 km in 3 years,we studied and analysed the stability and reliability of short-period seismograph receiver function.By comparative analysis of the receiver function waveforms isolated from teleseismic waveform data recorded by short-period and broadband seismographs,the following results are obtained.(1) Receiver functions of short-period and broadband seismographs are very consistent and highly stable,they have good linear correlation(correlation coefficient 0.9),but Ps seismic phases have small amplitude difference(about 20%),whenever the Gaussian coefficient value is 1.5 or 2.5.(2) The short-period seismograph receiver functions can replace broadband seismograph receiver functions,if a method using the seismic phase arrival time of receiver functions is adopted(such as grid-stacking-search method).(3) The result may cause wrong interpretation(e.g.,the lower crust low-velocity layer) if only the waveform data of short-period seismograph receiver functions are used to invert for crustal S-wave velocity structure,because there exist large velocity deviations(about 0.3 km/s) from lower crust to upper mantle,due to lack of low frequency information under 0.155 Hz and the nonlinear amplitude response under 1 Hz of the short-period seismographs;so additional data sensitive to wave velocity value(such as surface wave dispersion) are needed for joint analysis.
Using the teleseismic waveform data recorded by 9 sub-stations(including 1 set of broadband and 9 sets of short-period seismographs) of Hotan Seismic Array with an aperture about 3 km in 3 years,we studied and analysed the stability and reliability of short-period seismograph receiver function.By comparative analysis of the receiver function waveforms isolated from teleseismic waveform data recorded by short-period and broadband seismographs,the following results are obtained.(1) Receiver functions of short-period and broadband seismographs are very consistent and highly stable,they have good linear correlation(correlation coefficient 0.9),but Ps seismic phases have small amplitude difference(about 20%),whenever the Gaussian coefficient value is 1.5 or 2.5.(2) The short-period seismograph receiver functions can replace broadband seismograph receiver functions,if a method using the seismic phase arrival time of receiver functions is adopted(such as grid-stacking-search method).(3) The result may cause wrong interpretation(e.g.,the lower crust low-velocity layer) if only the waveform data of short-period seismograph receiver functions are used to invert for crustal S-wave velocity structure,because there exist large velocity deviations(about 0.3 km/s) from lower crust to upper mantle,due to lack of low frequency information under 0.155 Hz and the nonlinear amplitude response under 1 Hz of the short-period seismographs;so additional data sensitive to wave velocity value(such as surface wave dispersion) are needed for joint analysis.
引文
[1]滕吉文,张中杰,白武明等.岩石圈物理学.北京:科学出版社,2004.Teng J W,Zhang Z J,Bai W M,et al.LithosphericGeological(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[2]许卫卫,郑天愉.接收函数方法及研究进展.地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):605-613.Xu W W,Zheng T Y.The receiver function method and itsprogress.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(4):605-613.
[3]徐强,赵俊猛.接收函数方法的研究综述.地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1709-1716.Xu Q,Zhao J M.A review of the receiver function method.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(6):1709-1716.
[4]Langston C A.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves.J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84(B9):4749-4762.
[5]Langston C A.Evidence for the subducting lithosphere undersouthern Vancouver Island and eastern Oregon from teleseismic Pwave conversions.J.Geophys.Res.,1981,86(B5):3857-3866.
[6]王峻,刘启元,陈九辉等.首都圈地区的地壳厚度及泊松比.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):57-66.Wang J,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.The crustal thicknessand Poisson’s ratio beneath the Capital Circle Region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):57-66.
[7]王椿镛,楼海,姚志祥等.龙门山及其邻区的地壳厚度和泊松比.第四纪研究,2010,30(4):652-662.Wang C Y,Lou H,Yao Z X,et al.Crustal thicknesses andPoisson’s ratios in Longmenshan mountains and adjacentregions.Quaternary Sciences(in Chinese),2010,30(4):652-662.
[8]李永华,吴庆举,田小波等.用接收函数方法研究云南及其邻区地壳上地幔结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):67-80.Li Y H,Wu Q J,Tian X B,et al.Crustal structure in theYunnan region determined by modeling receiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):67-80.
[9]宋文杰,朱介寿,程先琼等.汶川Ms8.0级地震震源区地壳深部结构研究.第四纪研究,2010,30(4):670-677.Song W J,Zhu J S,Cheng X Q,et al.Deep crustal structurearound the source area of the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake.Quaternary Sciences(in Chinese),2010,30(4):670-677.
[10]罗艳,崇加军,倪四道等.首都圈地区莫霍面起伏及沉积层厚度.地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1135-1145.Luo Y,Chong J J,Ni S D,et al.Moho depth andsedimentary thickness in Capital region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1135-1145.
[11]贺传松,朱露培,丁志峰等.用远震接收函数研究渤海盆地的沉积覆盖.地质学报,2010,84(5):716-721.He C S,Zhu L P,Ding Z F,et al.Sedimentary cover in theBohai basin using teleseismic receiver function.ActaGeologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,84(5):716-721.
[12]刘瑞丰,吴忠良,阴朝民等.中国地震台网数字化改造的进展.地震学报,2003,25(5):535-540.Liu R F,Wu Z L,Yin C M,et al.Development of Chinadigital seismological observational systems.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),2003,25(5):535-540.
[13]刘瑞丰,高景春,陈运泰等.中国数字地震台网的建设与发展.地震学报,2008,30(5):533-539.Liu R F,Gao J C,Chen Y T,et al.Construction anddevelopment of digital seismograph networks in China.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,30(5):533-539.
[14]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[15]Ligorría J P,Ammon C J.Iterative deconvolution andreceiver-function estimation.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1999,89(5):1395-1400.
[16]Zandt G,Myers S C,Wallace T C.Crust and mantlestructure across the Basin and Range-Colorado Plateauboundary at 37°N latitude and implications for Cenozoicextensional mechanism.J.Geophys.Res.,1995,100(B6):10529-10548.
[17]Zandt G,Ammon C J.Continental crust compositionconstrained by measurements of crustal Poisson′s ratio.Nature,1995,374(6518):152-154.
[18]Zhu L P,Kanamori H.Moho depth variation in SouthernCalifornia from teleseismic receiver functions.J.Geophys.Res.,2000,105(B2):2969-2980.
[19]李善邦.中国地震.北京:地震出版社,1981.Li S B.Earthquake China(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1981.
[20]Owens T J,Taylor S R,Zandt G.Crustal structure atregional seismic test network stations determined frominversion of broadband teleseismic P waveforms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1987,77(2):631-632.
[21]Owens T J,Zandat G,Taylor S R.Seismic evidence for anancient rift beneath the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee:Adetailed analysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms.J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89(B9):7783-7795.
[22]Owens T J,Crosson R S.Shallow structure effects onbroadband teleseismic P waveforms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1988,78(1):96-108.
[23]http:∥eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/～cammon/HTML/RftnDocs/rftn01-06.html.
[24]Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R P,et al.Receiver functions fromautoregressive deconvolution.Pure and Applied Geophysics,2007,164(11):2175-2192.
[25]Burdick L J,Langston C A.Modeling crustal structurethrough the use of converted phases in teleseismic body-waveforms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1977,67(3):677-691.
[26]Ammon C J.The isolation of receiver effects from teleseismicP waveforms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1991,81(6):2504-2510.
[27]贺日政,高锐,李秋生等.新疆天山(独山子)—西昆仑(泉水沟)地学断面地震与重力联合反演地壳构造特征.地球学报,2001,22(6):553-558.He R Z,Gao R,Li Q S,et al.Corridor gravity fields andcrustal density structures in Tianshan(Dushanzi)-westKunlun(Quanshuigou)GGT.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(inChinese),2001,22(6):553-558.
[28]高锐,肖序常,高弘等.西昆仑—塔里木—天山岩石圈深地震探测综述.地质通报,2002,21(1):11-18.Gao R,Xiao X C,Gao H,et al.Summary of deep seismicprobing of the lithospheric structure across the West Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),2002,21(1):11-18.
[29]李秋生,卢德源,高锐等.横跨西昆仑—塔里木接触带的爆炸地震探测.中国科学(D辑),2000,30(B12):16-21.Li Q S,Lu D Y,Gao R,et al.Explosion seismic probingacross the West Kunlun-Tarim contact zone.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2000,30(B12):16-21.
[30]高锐,管烨,贺日政等.新疆地学断面(独山子—泉水沟)走廊域及邻区地球物理调查综合研究.地球学报,2001,22(6):527-533.Gao R,Guan Y,He R Z,et al.The integrated geophysicalobservation and research along the Xinjiang(XUAR)geotransect and its surrounding areas.Acta GeoscientiaSinica(in Chinese),2001,22(6):527-533.
[31]高锐,肖序常,刘训等.新疆地学断面深地震反射剖面揭示的西昆仑一塔里木结合带岩石圈细结构.地球学报,2001,22(6):547-552.Gao R,Xiao X C,Liu X,et al.Detail lithospheric structureof the contact zone of west Kunlun and Tarim revealed bydeep seismic reflection profile along the Xinjiang geotransect.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2001,22(6):547-552.
[32]Chen Y L,Niu F L,Liu R F,et al.Crustal structurebeneath China from receiver function analysis.J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115:B03307,doi:10.1029/2009JB006386.
[33]Ammon C J,Randall G E,Zandt G.On the nonuniqueness ofreceiver function inversions.J.Geophys.Res.,1990,95(B10):15303-15318.
[34]Randall G E.Efficient calculation of differential seismogramsfor lithospheric receiver functions.Geophys.J.Int.,1989,99(3):469-481.
[35]http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/RBHerrmann/ComputerPrograms.Html
[36]Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.Wavelet modelling ofbroad-band receiver functions.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,170(2):534-544.
[37]Shen W,Ritzwoller M H,Schulte-Pelkum V,et al.Jointinversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions:ABayesian Monte-Carlo approach.Geophys.J.Int.,2013,192(2):807-836.
[2]许卫卫,郑天愉.接收函数方法及研究进展.地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):605-613.Xu W W,Zheng T Y.The receiver function method and itsprogress.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(4):605-613.
[3]徐强,赵俊猛.接收函数方法的研究综述.地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1709-1716.Xu Q,Zhao J M.A review of the receiver function method.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(6):1709-1716.
[4]Langston C A.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves.J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84(B9):4749-4762.
[5]Langston C A.Evidence for the subducting lithosphere undersouthern Vancouver Island and eastern Oregon from teleseismic Pwave conversions.J.Geophys.Res.,1981,86(B5):3857-3866.
[6]王峻,刘启元,陈九辉等.首都圈地区的地壳厚度及泊松比.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):57-66.Wang J,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.The crustal thicknessand Poisson’s ratio beneath the Capital Circle Region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):57-66.
[7]王椿镛,楼海,姚志祥等.龙门山及其邻区的地壳厚度和泊松比.第四纪研究,2010,30(4):652-662.Wang C Y,Lou H,Yao Z X,et al.Crustal thicknesses andPoisson’s ratios in Longmenshan mountains and adjacentregions.Quaternary Sciences(in Chinese),2010,30(4):652-662.
[8]李永华,吴庆举,田小波等.用接收函数方法研究云南及其邻区地壳上地幔结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):67-80.Li Y H,Wu Q J,Tian X B,et al.Crustal structure in theYunnan region determined by modeling receiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):67-80.
[9]宋文杰,朱介寿,程先琼等.汶川Ms8.0级地震震源区地壳深部结构研究.第四纪研究,2010,30(4):670-677.Song W J,Zhu J S,Cheng X Q,et al.Deep crustal structurearound the source area of the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake.Quaternary Sciences(in Chinese),2010,30(4):670-677.
[10]罗艳,崇加军,倪四道等.首都圈地区莫霍面起伏及沉积层厚度.地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1135-1145.Luo Y,Chong J J,Ni S D,et al.Moho depth andsedimentary thickness in Capital region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1135-1145.
[11]贺传松,朱露培,丁志峰等.用远震接收函数研究渤海盆地的沉积覆盖.地质学报,2010,84(5):716-721.He C S,Zhu L P,Ding Z F,et al.Sedimentary cover in theBohai basin using teleseismic receiver function.ActaGeologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,84(5):716-721.
[12]刘瑞丰,吴忠良,阴朝民等.中国地震台网数字化改造的进展.地震学报,2003,25(5):535-540.Liu R F,Wu Z L,Yin C M,et al.Development of Chinadigital seismological observational systems.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),2003,25(5):535-540.
[13]刘瑞丰,高景春,陈运泰等.中国数字地震台网的建设与发展.地震学报,2008,30(5):533-539.Liu R F,Gao J C,Chen Y T,et al.Construction anddevelopment of digital seismograph networks in China.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,30(5):533-539.
[14]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[15]Ligorría J P,Ammon C J.Iterative deconvolution andreceiver-function estimation.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1999,89(5):1395-1400.
[16]Zandt G,Myers S C,Wallace T C.Crust and mantlestructure across the Basin and Range-Colorado Plateauboundary at 37°N latitude and implications for Cenozoicextensional mechanism.J.Geophys.Res.,1995,100(B6):10529-10548.
[17]Zandt G,Ammon C J.Continental crust compositionconstrained by measurements of crustal Poisson′s ratio.Nature,1995,374(6518):152-154.
[18]Zhu L P,Kanamori H.Moho depth variation in SouthernCalifornia from teleseismic receiver functions.J.Geophys.Res.,2000,105(B2):2969-2980.
[19]李善邦.中国地震.北京:地震出版社,1981.Li S B.Earthquake China(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1981.
[20]Owens T J,Taylor S R,Zandt G.Crustal structure atregional seismic test network stations determined frominversion of broadband teleseismic P waveforms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1987,77(2):631-632.
[21]Owens T J,Zandat G,Taylor S R.Seismic evidence for anancient rift beneath the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee:Adetailed analysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms.J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89(B9):7783-7795.
[22]Owens T J,Crosson R S.Shallow structure effects onbroadband teleseismic P waveforms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1988,78(1):96-108.
[23]http:∥eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/～cammon/HTML/RftnDocs/rftn01-06.html.
[24]Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R P,et al.Receiver functions fromautoregressive deconvolution.Pure and Applied Geophysics,2007,164(11):2175-2192.
[25]Burdick L J,Langston C A.Modeling crustal structurethrough the use of converted phases in teleseismic body-waveforms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1977,67(3):677-691.
[26]Ammon C J.The isolation of receiver effects from teleseismicP waveforms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1991,81(6):2504-2510.
[27]贺日政,高锐,李秋生等.新疆天山(独山子)—西昆仑(泉水沟)地学断面地震与重力联合反演地壳构造特征.地球学报,2001,22(6):553-558.He R Z,Gao R,Li Q S,et al.Corridor gravity fields andcrustal density structures in Tianshan(Dushanzi)-westKunlun(Quanshuigou)GGT.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(inChinese),2001,22(6):553-558.
[28]高锐,肖序常,高弘等.西昆仑—塔里木—天山岩石圈深地震探测综述.地质通报,2002,21(1):11-18.Gao R,Xiao X C,Gao H,et al.Summary of deep seismicprobing of the lithospheric structure across the West Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),2002,21(1):11-18.
[29]李秋生,卢德源,高锐等.横跨西昆仑—塔里木接触带的爆炸地震探测.中国科学(D辑),2000,30(B12):16-21.Li Q S,Lu D Y,Gao R,et al.Explosion seismic probingacross the West Kunlun-Tarim contact zone.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2000,30(B12):16-21.
[30]高锐,管烨,贺日政等.新疆地学断面(独山子—泉水沟)走廊域及邻区地球物理调查综合研究.地球学报,2001,22(6):527-533.Gao R,Guan Y,He R Z,et al.The integrated geophysicalobservation and research along the Xinjiang(XUAR)geotransect and its surrounding areas.Acta GeoscientiaSinica(in Chinese),2001,22(6):527-533.
[31]高锐,肖序常,刘训等.新疆地学断面深地震反射剖面揭示的西昆仑一塔里木结合带岩石圈细结构.地球学报,2001,22(6):547-552.Gao R,Xiao X C,Liu X,et al.Detail lithospheric structureof the contact zone of west Kunlun and Tarim revealed bydeep seismic reflection profile along the Xinjiang geotransect.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2001,22(6):547-552.
[32]Chen Y L,Niu F L,Liu R F,et al.Crustal structurebeneath China from receiver function analysis.J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115:B03307,doi:10.1029/2009JB006386.
[33]Ammon C J,Randall G E,Zandt G.On the nonuniqueness ofreceiver function inversions.J.Geophys.Res.,1990,95(B10):15303-15318.
[34]Randall G E.Efficient calculation of differential seismogramsfor lithospheric receiver functions.Geophys.J.Int.,1989,99(3):469-481.
[35]http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/RBHerrmann/ComputerPrograms.Html
[36]Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.Wavelet modelling ofbroad-band receiver functions.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,170(2):534-544.
[37]Shen W,Ritzwoller M H,Schulte-Pelkum V,et al.Jointinversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions:ABayesian Monte-Carlo approach.Geophys.J.Int.,2013,192(2):807-836.
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