地铁浅埋隧道爆破开挖振动控制研究
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摘要
以青岛地铁工程为背景,研究并提出了控制浅埋隧道爆破开挖振动的措施。文章通过对隧道掘进向不同位置的地表振动矢量合速度检测和数据分析,得到了浅埋隧道开挖爆破不同作用类型炮孔引起的地表振动特性及其衰减规律,并以此提出了爆破施工减振措施。试验与分析结果表明:开挖掌子面上不同的炮孔爆破类型其衰减规律有所不同,随着爆破起爆段别的增加,衰减公式中的K值逐渐递减;α由地质条件决定,基本保持不变;根据K、α值的大小和变化规律来调整掏槽方案、改善起爆顺序、减轻爆破夹制作用,大幅度降低了爆破振动;青岛地铁隧道采取全断面开挖时,其衰减参数K值随着段数的增从68逐渐减小到26,α值在1.4～1.6之间。
Taking the project of Qingdao subway tunnel project as the background,this paper studies and proposes measures on how to control vibration which appear in shallow tunnel blasting.Through surface vibration vector resultant velocity detection and data analysis of different locations after excavation into the tunnel,the paper got vibration characteristics of the surface and attenuation law which induced by different types of hole when excavated and blasted shallow tunnel,and thus proposed blasting damping measures.Experimental and analytical results show: the different blasting types of excavating face decide its attenuation law,with the number of blasting initiation section increasing,K value of the attenuation formula decreases gradually;α,which is determined by the geological conditions remains unchanged;according to the size and variation law of K,α values are used to adjust cutting programs,improve the initiation blasting order,reduce the role of bursting folder,at last blasting vibration reduced obviously.Qingdao subway tunnel had the whole section excavation,as the number of segments increased,the value of attenuation parameters K decreased from 68 to 26,α value was between 1.4 and 1.6.
Taking the project of Qingdao subway tunnel project as the background,this paper studies and proposes measures on how to control vibration which appear in shallow tunnel blasting.Through surface vibration vector resultant velocity detection and data analysis of different locations after excavation into the tunnel,the paper got vibration characteristics of the surface and attenuation law which induced by different types of hole when excavated and blasted shallow tunnel,and thus proposed blasting damping measures.Experimental and analytical results show: the different blasting types of excavating face decide its attenuation law,with the number of blasting initiation section increasing,K value of the attenuation formula decreases gradually;α,which is determined by the geological conditions remains unchanged;according to the size and variation law of K,α values are used to adjust cutting programs,improve the initiation blasting order,reduce the role of bursting folder,at last blasting vibration reduced obviously.Qingdao subway tunnel had the whole section excavation,as the number of segments increased,the value of attenuation parameters K decreased from 68 to 26,α value was between 1.4 and 1.6.
引文
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[4]平琦,马芹永,徐晓核.水库坝区竖井开挖爆破技术及振动测试分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(3):577-581.(Ping Qi,Ma Qinyong,Xu Xi-aohe.Vibration measurement and analysis on controlblasting technology for shaft excavation of the reservoirdam area[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Spaceand Engineering,2009,5(3):577-581.(in Chi-nese))
[5]杨年华,张志毅.隧道爆破振动控制技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2010,(1):82-86.(Yang Nianhua,Zhang Zhiyi.Research on the control technology for tun-nel blasting vibration[J].Journal of Railway Engineer-ing Society,2010,(1):82-86.(in Chinese))
[6]杨朝阳.城市浅埋隧道爆破地震波的降振技术[J].福建建设科技,2009,(5):70-72.(Yang Chaoyang.Vibration reducing technique for urban shallow-buriedtunnel blasting[J].Construction Science and Technol-ogy of Fujian,2009,(5):70-72.(in Chinese))
[7]申玉生,高波,王志杰,等.复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道结构的影响分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(5):980-984.(Shen Yusheng,Gao Bo,Wang Zhijie,et al.Effect of blasting in double line tun-nel on existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Under-ground Space and Engineering,2009,5(5):980-984.(in Chinese))
[8]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠,等.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):964-967.(Chen Qing,Wang Hongtu,Hu Guozhong,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for blastingvibration induced by tunnel excavation[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2005,26(6):964-967.(in Chi-nese))
[9]张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 158-4 163.(Zhang Jichun,Cao Xi-aojun,Zheng Shuangying,et al.Experimental study onvibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2005,24(22):4 158-4 163.(in Chinese))
[10]楼晓明,郑俊杰,马建军,等.隧道微差爆破振动速度及应力场研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2):248-252.(Lou Xiaoming,Zheng Junjie,MaJianjun,ed al.Study on millisecond blasting vibrationvelocity and stress field in tunnel[J].Chinese Journalof Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(2):248-252.(in Chinese))
[11]林从谋,杨林德,崔积弘.浅埋隧道掘进爆破振动特征研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(2):276-279.(Lin Congmou,Yang Linde,Cui Jihong.Study on the vibration characteristic of the shallow-tun-neling blasting[J].Chinese Journal of UndergroundSpace and Engineering,2006,2(2):276-279.(inChinese))
[12]李玉民,倪芝芳.地下工程开挖爆破的地面振动特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3):274-278.(Li yumin,Ni Zhifang.The characteristics ofsurface vibration of blasting in underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,1997,16(3):274-278.(in Chinese))
[13]黄郑华,左廷英,吴晓梦.高台阶爆破过程的高速摄影观测[J].矿冶工程,1997,17(4):1-5.(Huang Zhenghua,Zuo Tingying,Wu Xiaomeng.High speed photographic observation of the process ofelevated bench blasting[J].Mining and MetallurgicalEngineering,1997,17(4):1-5.(in Chinese))
[2]陈晓斌,张家生,尹志政.城市隧道爆破振动测试分析研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,4(1):116-121.(Chen Xiaobin,Zhang Jiasheng,YinZhizheng.Analysis on urban tunnel blasting vibrationtests[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space andEngineering,2007,4(1):116-121.(in Chinese))
[3]高干,刘元雪,徐光伟,等.隧道扩建爆破震动控制研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(6):1285-1 293.(Gao Gan,Liu Yuanxue,Xu Guangwei,et al.Study on the blasting vibration in tunnel extension[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(6):1 285-1 293.(in Chinese))
[4]平琦,马芹永,徐晓核.水库坝区竖井开挖爆破技术及振动测试分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(3):577-581.(Ping Qi,Ma Qinyong,Xu Xi-aohe.Vibration measurement and analysis on controlblasting technology for shaft excavation of the reservoirdam area[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Spaceand Engineering,2009,5(3):577-581.(in Chi-nese))
[5]杨年华,张志毅.隧道爆破振动控制技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2010,(1):82-86.(Yang Nianhua,Zhang Zhiyi.Research on the control technology for tun-nel blasting vibration[J].Journal of Railway Engineer-ing Society,2010,(1):82-86.(in Chinese))
[6]杨朝阳.城市浅埋隧道爆破地震波的降振技术[J].福建建设科技,2009,(5):70-72.(Yang Chaoyang.Vibration reducing technique for urban shallow-buriedtunnel blasting[J].Construction Science and Technol-ogy of Fujian,2009,(5):70-72.(in Chinese))
[7]申玉生,高波,王志杰,等.复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道结构的影响分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(5):980-984.(Shen Yusheng,Gao Bo,Wang Zhijie,et al.Effect of blasting in double line tun-nel on existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Under-ground Space and Engineering,2009,5(5):980-984.(in Chinese))
[8]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠,等.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):964-967.(Chen Qing,Wang Hongtu,Hu Guozhong,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for blastingvibration induced by tunnel excavation[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2005,26(6):964-967.(in Chi-nese))
[9]张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 158-4 163.(Zhang Jichun,Cao Xi-aojun,Zheng Shuangying,et al.Experimental study onvibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2005,24(22):4 158-4 163.(in Chinese))
[10]楼晓明,郑俊杰,马建军,等.隧道微差爆破振动速度及应力场研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2):248-252.(Lou Xiaoming,Zheng Junjie,MaJianjun,ed al.Study on millisecond blasting vibrationvelocity and stress field in tunnel[J].Chinese Journalof Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(2):248-252.(in Chinese))
[11]林从谋,杨林德,崔积弘.浅埋隧道掘进爆破振动特征研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(2):276-279.(Lin Congmou,Yang Linde,Cui Jihong.Study on the vibration characteristic of the shallow-tun-neling blasting[J].Chinese Journal of UndergroundSpace and Engineering,2006,2(2):276-279.(inChinese))
[12]李玉民,倪芝芳.地下工程开挖爆破的地面振动特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3):274-278.(Li yumin,Ni Zhifang.The characteristics ofsurface vibration of blasting in underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,1997,16(3):274-278.(in Chinese))
[13]黄郑华,左廷英,吴晓梦.高台阶爆破过程的高速摄影观测[J].矿冶工程,1997,17(4):1-5.(Huang Zhenghua,Zuo Tingying,Wu Xiaomeng.High speed photographic observation of the process ofelevated bench blasting[J].Mining and MetallurgicalEngineering,1997,17(4):1-5.(in Chinese))
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